Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common diseases in pediatric age groups. The emergence of bacterial strains that exhibit resistance to specific antimicrobial agents has led to several therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common types of bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children. The study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022. The susceptibilities of antimicrobial agents were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Positive cultures from 56 patients were included in the analysis. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. were the most common organisms identified in pediatric patients suspected of a UTI (50% and 14.3%, respectively), while Raoutella ornithimolytics and Enterobacter sp. represented 7.14%. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera spp. represented 3.6%. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol were 92.9%, 85.7%, and 78.6%, respectively. Proteus spp. isolates solely exhibited susceptibility to amikacin and nalidixic acid. The current study concluded that E. coli was the most frequently arising underlying pathogen UTI in pediatric patients. In this clinical setting, the organisms identified exhibited high susceptibility to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol.

The aim of this work is remove the textile factories’ wastewater such as dyes via the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) that on using the nano titanium dioxide photocatalytic degradation. The degradation of C. I. Reactive black 45 (RB 45) in aqueous medium by the photocatalysis process has been studied. The effects of several parameters such as pH, the concentration of TiO2, irradiation time, and dye concentration have been examined. The optimal parameters were found to be [TiO2] = 0.75 g/L, irradiation time 480 min and pH=3.0. The results shown that the photocatalytic degradation could be enhanced by adding hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or potassium persulfate K2S2O8, for example, the efficiency increased from 68.9% to 88.7% and 95.4% when added 0.027 M or 1.5 g/L of H2O2 and K2S2O8 respectively. Also, the effects of inorganic salts Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaCl on the degradation efficiency of the photocatalysis process were investigated.