No abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii parasite. University female students are at the age of childbearing and their status of T. gondii infection is important. Thus, early detection and therapy are of extraordinary importance. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among undergraduate female students of University of Duhok. A cluster stratified sampling procedure was used for each college in Duhok University and a proportionate number pulled from each stratum as a simple random sampling procedure. So, the four hundred ninety-six (496) serum samples were collected from November 2017 to February 2018. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and risk factors-related data. The venous blood specimens were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay to detect Anti-Immunoglobulin G and M related to Toxoplasma gondii. Analyzing data were done through the application of SPSS software (Version 23 IBM). The finding of the present study revealed that the mean age of respondents was 21 years (SD ±1.668). Besides, 220 (44.4%) were found out to be seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii Anti-Immunoglobulin G and 55 (11.1%) for Anti-Immunoglobulin M antibodies. In addition, the more dominant risk factors that rose throughout the present study were among those they do not have information regarding toxoplasmosis and took raw or undercooked meat. Likewise, the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection was high in female students at University of Duhok.

Background and aim: Patients with chronic kidney failure are vulnerable of cognitive impairment. That's why they become more users of pharmacological products and develop comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, nutritional therapy constantly considered a major feature of Chronic Kidney Failure management. So, the nutritional therapy aimed to attainment the control both metabolic and fluid as well as prevention and correction of signs, symptoms and complications of progressed Chronic Renal Failure. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the education nutritional health program in improving the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure. Materials and method:The present Quazi-experimental study was conducted in hemodialysis center and renal transplantation department in Azadi teaching hospital, from February 15, 2015 through March 1, 2016. The sample of the study was consisted of (30) Non-probability (purposive) patients with chronic renal failure. Data were collected through using questionnaire related to health education nutritional program before and after its application upon patients with chronic renal failure. Analysis of data performed through the application of descriptive data (Frequency and percentage) and inferential data of (T. test) employed statistical application. Results: The findings of the study had revealed that the experimental group had benefited of the program as supported by their nutritional health-related knowledge improvement. Furthermore, the result indicated that the highly significant differences between pre and post educational intervention regarding patients level of physical and psychological quality of life. Conclusion: The health education nutritional program was confirmed its effectiveness throughout the study, the findings can be interpreted so that the group had benefited from the health education nutritional program and evidenced improvement in their knowledge related to nutritional behavior and quality of life. Recommendation: The study recommended that the Ministry of Health in Kurdistan Region of Iraq should sponsor the health education nutritional program to be applied by nephrology nurses in hemodialysis centers considering its potential addressing patients' specific needs and problems.

Job satisfaction can be defined as the emotional responses of employees to their employment status. Employees are generally focused on their job satisfaction which explains why it has been defined as "a pleasant or positive emotional state resulting from the evaluation of employee's a job or career experience". Therefore, there is a wide variation in what people expect from their jobs and how they interact with one another in the workplace *1+. Background and objectives: Nurses are one of the most important human resources working in health care institutions as they range in different levels and disciplines. They are the mainstay of modern health care institutions and a vital component in these institutions achieving their goals. Therefore, nurses' job satisfaction is an important aspect in providing quality health care. This study was conducted to determine nurses' job satisfaction in health care institutions in Duhok City. Methods: A descriptive study design was carried out to assess the nurses' job satisfaction in health care institutions of Duhok City. This study involved nurses who worked the morning shift in both primary health care centers and public hospitals in Duhok City. A total of 137 nurses were selected from 946 nurses through utilizing a non-probability (purposive) sampling method and agreed to be subject of present study. A questionnaire designed by researchers was used for data collection through review of previous related studies and the data were gathered through self-report method. This questionnaire consisted of two aspects; the first one used for gathering nurses' socio-demographic data and the second one consisted of 30 Likert scale questions with responses ranging from strongly disagree, disagree, agree, strongly agree, and scored one to four respectively. These questions were divided into 5 categories as follow: job promotion, nature of work, work policy, communication and interaction, and supervision satisfaction. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson correlation) and levels of job satisfaction were calculated through using cut off points. Results: The present study shows general dissatisfaction of nurses in regards to their job promotion, nature of work, work policy, work supervision, and communication and interaction. Conclusions: The present study concludes that nurses working in health care institutions in Duhok City were dissatisfied in regards to the categories included in this study.

No abstract