No abstract

The present investigation aimed to evaluate some Egyptian cotton cultivars i.e.: Giza 86, Giza 94, Giza 87, Giza 88, Giza 92, Giza 93 and Giza 96 under three different locations in Lower Egypt (Delta) during the two successive growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 for yield, seed quality and viability characters. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used at each location. Significant differences for cultivars and locations for all studied characters, except free fatty acid and acid value. The effects of the growing years, interactions between (genotype x seasons), (location x season) and the second order interaction were significant on most studied characters, Also the effect of the interaction between (genotype x locations) was significant for all studied characters, except for seed cotton yield and lint percentage. Giza 94 and Giza 92 surpassed in seed cotton yield, boll weight, lint percentage and seed index. The cultivar Giza 92 gave the highest oil % and germination, while, Giza 96 produced the highest radical length, shoot length and seedling dry weight, while. Giza 88 surpassed all studied cultivars in protein %.Positive significant correlations were found between seed cotton yield and both boll weight and seed index, lint percentage and each (boll weight, seed volume and seed coat), boll weight and seed coat %, seed index and both (seed volume and seedling dry weight), free fatty acid and acid value, protein % and seed coat %, seed volume and seedling dry weight, germination % and both (shoot length and seedling dry weight), shoot length and seedling dry weight.

Nowadays, water scarcity is a great danger to agriculture development, in semiarid and arid regions beside climate change risks. Egypt is suffering from scarce water resources for agriculture; it is of high priority to rationalize irrigation water use. During two seasons, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 the experimental were carried out to investigate the effect of three different irrigation water treatments (I1 at 45, I2 at 60 and I3 at 75% depletion of available soil moisture) on some photosynthetic, agronomical, grain quality parameters, water productivity for eight barley genotypes. Also, classify them on the SSR molecular level. The results showed that there were high genetic variations found among the eight genotypes with significant responses to irrigation water treatments. Rationalize irrigation water from I1 to I3 had a negative effect on all studied phenotypic traits, whereas had an appositive effect on leaf diffusive resistance and cured protein content and  inducement all genotypes to flower early by average increasing (27.7, 12.7 and 7.08%) respectively. Giza 138, Giza 131, and Line 4  gave high mean performance values of the measured characters besides, attaining high WP values were 1.14, 1.08, and 0.89 kg grain/m3 applied water I1, I2, and I3 irrigation treatments, respectively. While, WUE values increased with increasing water availability. Water use efficiency values were 1.92, 1.71, and 1.34 kg grain/m3 consumed water for I1, I2, and I3 irrigation treatments, respectively. Twenty-six alleles were generated using ten SSR primers with a mean value of 2.6 alleles per locus. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value of each SSRs marker ranged from 0.33 (Bmag 0387) to 0.47 (Bmac 0167) with an average value of 0.34. Cluster analysis clustered the eight barley genotypes into two major clusters divided according to their response to water stress tolerance. The genetic information about eight barley genotypes for water stress tolerance was established, for use them in breeding programs in Egypt.

during 2019 season. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of priming duration (6, 8 and 10 hours) and seed priming (hydro-priming, 50, 75 and 100 mgL -1 of salicylic acid, 1, 2 and 3 % of KH2PO4 and 1, 2 and 3 % of ZnSO4 ) and dry seed on improving germination of seed and seedling vigor of white hybrid teosinte. Results indicated that six hours priming duration gave the highest germination percentage, seedling vigor, speed germination index and seedling vigor index. Seed treatment with 2 % of KH2PO4 was the best treatment followed by salicylic acid 100 mgL -1 and 3 % of ZnSO4 recorded the highest seed germination%, seedling vigor, speed germination index and seedling vigor index. Hydro-priming produced the higher values of most traits such as plumule and radical length, seedling dry weight, speed germination index and the lowest in electrical conductivity. The interaction effect was significantly where six hours duration and seed priming with 2% KH2PO4, 3% of ZnSO4 and 100 mgL -1 of salicylic acid were the highest germination% and seedling vigor and insignificant with hydro-priming. The lowest values of EC produced by 6 hours with 2% of KH2PO4 followed by 3% of ZnSO4 and hydro-priming. We can conclude that hydro-priming for 6 hours before sowing of white hybrid teosinte increased germinationpercentage to reach 80% compared to dry seed, also seedling vigor characters.

The current study was conducted in a pot experiment with sand bed soil for two winter seasons (2019/20, 2020/21) to illuminate the impact of calcium lignosulfonate (Ca-LIGN) (100 mg/L) in alleviating various levels of NaCl (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) on two barley cultivars, Giza132 and Giza133. Giza133 outgrew Giza132 under salinity stress by accumulating less Na+ content and retaining more K+ content. Surprisingly, Ca-LIGN was shown to be involved in both cultivars’ capacity to efflux Na+ in return for greater K+ influx under 100 and 200 mM NaCl, resulting in an increased dry weight of shoots and roots as well as leaf area compared with the untreated salinity levels. Physiological parameters were measured as relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage rate (ELR), peroxidase activity (POD) in leaf and root and grain yield, and grain protein content were evaluated. Adding Ca-LIGN ameliorated both cultivars’ growth in all the recorded characteristics. Under salinity stress, Ca-LIGN induced a higher RWC in both cultivars compared to those without Ca-LIGN. Although the ELR increased significantly in Giza132 leaves under the different NaCl concentrations compared to in Giza133 leaves, applying Ca-LIGN for both cultivars reduced the deterioration in their leaf and root by significantly lowering the ELR. As a result, applying Ca-LIGN to the salinity-affected plants (Giza133 and Giza132) under (100 and 200 mM NaCl), respectively, inhibited POD activity by about (10-fold, 6-fold, and 3-fold, 5-fold). The impact of Ca-LIGN on grain yield was more effective in Giza133 than in Giza132, with (61.46, 35.04, 29.21% and 46.02, 24.16, 21.96%) at various salinity levels. Moreover, while both cultivars recorded similar protein content under normal conditions, adding Ca-LIGN increased protein accumulation by raising salinity concentration until it reached 3% and 2% increases in both cultivars, Giza133 and Giza132, respectively, under 300 mM NaCl. It can be concluded that applying Ca-LIGN on barley can help to alleviate the ionic stress by excluding the harmful ions, resulting in higher grain yield and protein content.