This research is aimed at investigating the inhibitory essential oils activity of thyme, clove, cinnamon, ginger and garlic plants against some positive and negative gram pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, proteus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus) by using the disk diffusion method And compares this activity with the activity of standard antibiotics, then study the synergistic and antagonistic effect between these essential oils with the antibiotics used against these bacteria. The results represented the effectiveness of all essential oils on the studied bacteria to varying degrees, except the clove oil, which doesn't show any inhibitory effect on E.coli and S.epidermidis. In contrast, cinnamon oil had the most inhibiting impact on all the bacteria studied. While garlic and ginger oil showed the lowest Inhibitory, thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory effect on E.coli and a moderate effect on other studied bacteria. Also, the results showed the synergistic effect between most essential plant oils and most antibiotics against most bacterial strains. The antagonistic effect was between essential oils with a few studied antibiotics toward some bacterial strains. Keywords: plant, essential oils, bacteria, the inhibitory effect

Infections caused by bacteria are common in infants and neonates. Some of these infections are severe and usually carry high risk of fatal complications such as septicemia and / meningitis if left untreated. Very often, the diagnosis of these infections is clinical as well as laboratory diagnosis to determine the type of bacteria in body fluids such as urine, stool, blood and CSF. The present study aims to isolate and identify the bacteria responsible for some types of severe infections in neonates such as urinary tract infections (UTI), gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infections and bacteremia in West bank of Mosul city and test their susceptibility to different antibiotics. Twenty-seven (27) samples from blood, 28 from urine and 6 from stool were collected from neonates admitted to "Mosul General Hospital" in West Bank of Mosul city in the period between 1/7/2018 to 1/9/2018. Our results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial isolate in blood (81%), whereas both Staphylococcus aureus and Esch. coli were common in urine (48% and 43% respectively) followed by Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5 % each). Both Staphylococcus aureus and Esch. coli were highly sensitive to amoxiclav (83% for and 100% respectively), levofloxacin (88% for Staphylococcus aureus and 100 % for Esch.coli) and meropenem (100% for both Staphylococcus aureus and Esch .coli). However, both of them were highly resistant to ampicillins (100%) and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Although meropenem is effective, it's use should be selected and restricted to highly resistant cases to avoid the emergence of early antibiotic resistance.

The aim of this study has been to estimate that the number of bacteria in the mouth exceeds the total number of people on the planet. In this context, scientists have discovered more than 700 different types of human oral bacteria. With such a large number of oral bacteria present, many diseases that may threaten health, especially oral health, can emerge. For this reason, this study was employed and conducted on 252 healthy people in the Soran area of the city of Erbil. Both sexes were involved and different ages were selected. Swabs taken from 226 participants gave positive growths on different culture media. The biochemical properties of the isolates were tested according to Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and UK Standards for Microbiology Investigation. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent isolated pathogen (47.83%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.30%), Bacillus subtilis (23.91%), Enterococcus faecalis (5.43%), Enterobacter aerogenes (4.35%), and Klebsiella pneumonia (2.17%) respectively. Antibiotic Susceptibility testing of different species of bacteria was also performed according to Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar by using commercial antibiotic discs. It seems that the different species of bacteria showed various sensitivity patterns to several kinds of antibiotics.