Advances in metal catalysis have revolutionized organic synthesis, with the scope of metal-catalyzed reactions now covering nearly all areas of carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen, and carbon-heteroatom bond formation. For years, the goal was to develop catalysts that were highly selective for a single transformation. However, a promising current area of research is the use of a single catalyst to mediate more than one transformation in a selective manner. Whereas much early work was focused on using a catalyst for several similar transformations, recent investigations have shown that it is also possible to employ a single catalyst for several very different transformations in a single reaction sequence. This Minireview focuses on methods in which the mechanisms of the transformations are fundamentally very different.
Die Fortschritte in der Metallkatalyse haben die organische Synthese revolutioniert: Die Anwendung metallkatalysierter Reaktionen erstreckt sich nun über fast alle Bereiche der C‐C‐, C‐H‐ und C‐Heteroatom‐Bindungsknüpfung. Viele Jahre war die selektive Katalyse einer einzigen Transformation das Ziel der Katalysatorforschung. Mittlerweile ist jedoch das Verwenden eines einzigen Katalysators zur selektiven Vermittlung von gleich mehreren Reaktionsschritten zu einem vielversprechenden Forschungsgebiet geworden. Nachdem man sich in früheren Arbeiten auf Katalysatoren für mehrere ähnliche Transformationen konzentriert hatte, zeigten jüngste Untersuchungen, dass ein einzelner Katalysator auch mehrere sehr unterschiedliche Transformationen in einer einzigen Reaktionssequenz katalysieren kann. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden Reaktionssequenzen mit Transformationen, die nach völlig unterschiedlichen Mechanismen ablaufen, vorgestellt.
[reaction: see text] 1,6-Enynes and allyl propargyl ethers undergo a cobalt-catalyzed formal 5-endo-dig cyclization to form vinyl cyclopentenes and dihydrofurans, respectively. The use of equimolar amounts of dicobalt octacarbonyl and trimethyl phosphite affords optimum yields and improved selectivity for cycloisomerization vs alkene isomerization.
Allyl propargyl ethers undergo cobalt-mediated cycloisomerization reactions to form dihydrofurans in good yield and with excellent diastereoselectivity. The reaction works with a range of substrates, and its utility in synthesis is exemplified by the preparation of a bistetrahydrofuran unit. [reaction: see text]
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