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Genome size has been studied for the first time in the Colchicum genus. Values obtained by flow cytometry were quite stable and specific to each taxon: C. autumnale L., 2C=5.89±0.22 pg, equivalent to 5.7×10 9 bp (2 n=4 x=36); C. alpinum DC., 2C=8.06±0.24 pg, equivalent to 7.8×10 9 bp (2 n=6 x=56); C. lusitanum Brot., 2C=10.7±0.67 pg, equivalent to 10.3×10 9 bp (2 n= approx. 10 x=90–92 and 94–96); C. multiflorum Brot., 2C=16.5±0.69 pg, equivalent to 15.9×10 9 bp, (2 n= approx. 16 x=140–148); C. corsicum Baker, 2C=21.3±0.99 pg, equivalent to 20.6×10 9 bp (2 n=22 x= approx. 198±2). These values are well below those published for Liliaceae stricto sensu. In Colchicum species from the western Mediterranean area, genome size was highly correlated with ploidy level ( R 2=0.99, P<0.001). This relationship is consistent with most previous results, with our new chromosome number count for C. corsicum and with our correction of published erroneous counts for C. lusitanum (2 n=102–108). The Calabrian population appeared to be distinct from all of the other plants of the C. alpinum group. Reproducible and accurate, cytometry appears to be a particularly appropriate method for studying this polyploid genus in Western Europe, taking into account that chromosome numbers are difficult to enumerate. It can guide future taxonomic research because it reveals similarities or differences between taxa within this difficult complex

Trois colchiques endémiques vivent en Sardaigne : C. gonarei décrit en 1978, C. actupii décrit en 1999 et enfin C. verlaqueae Fridlender sp.nov. précédemment confondu avec C. corsicum Baker. Les deux autres taxons qui poussent sur cette île (C. multiflorum et C. cupanii) possèdent une aire de distribution assez vaste en Méditerranée occidentale.

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