Three imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) monomers, namely, 3-(1-ethyl imidazolium-3yl)propylmethacrylamido bromide (IL-1), 2-(1-methylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate bromide (IL-2), and 2-(1-ethylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate bromide (IL-3), and methacrylic acid (MAA) were polymerized by the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process in methanolic solutions at 70 °C, using either 2-cyanopropyl dithiobenzoate (CTA-1) or (4-cyanopentanoic acid)-4-dithiobenzoate (CTA-2) as chain transfer agents (CTAs). Under these conditions, polymers exhibited molar masses predetermined by the initial molar ratio of the monomers to the dithioester precursor, as evidenced by 1 H NMR spectroscopy from chain ends analysis. These hydrophilic polymers were subsequently used as macro-CTAs in chain extension experiments in aqueous or in alcoholic solutions, affording IL-based double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) of the type PIL-1-b-PAm, PMAA-b-PIL-2 and PMAA-b-PIL-3, where PAm and PIL stand for polyacrylamide and polymeric ionic liquid. These DHBCs could be further manipulated and made to self-assemble in micelle-like structures in water by exchanging the bromide (Br -) counteranion of IL blocks for -N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 . This anion exchange indeed turned the solution properties of the PIL blocks from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, as verified on the corresponding IL-based homopolymers which were immiscible with water after the anion switch. Investigations by 1 H NMR evidenced that the diblock copolymers exhibited salt-responsive behavior in aqueous solutions: anion exchange induced the formation of water-soluble micellar aggregates consisting of hydrophobic -N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 -based IL blocks at the core stabilized by water-soluble PAm or PMAA at the shell.