The composition of the studied ash was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, XRD spectra, and thermal data (TG & DTA). These analyses were used to determine thermodynamic parameters such as the activation energy (ΔEa), enthalpy change (ΔH*), entropy change (ΔS*) and free energy change (ΔG*) related to the thermal decomposition process were calculated. Analytical reactions were also used to evaluate the composition of the ash.
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