Abstract. e Health sector in the Pakistan is facing many problems to provide the Health facilities to the masses spread over the country. e most challenging problem is the shortage of Doctor's as compared to the population. Most of the professional Doctor's prefers to serve in the abroad instead to serve in Pakistan. ere are the many determinants of turnover in the Health Department. e objective of this study is to investigate the factors such as Pay, Promotion, Job Safety and Security, Nature of the Work that e ect the job satisfaction level and that are the cause of turnover of employee's in the Autonomous Medical Health Institutions in the Pakistan. e factors of job satisfaction are such as Pay, Promotion, Job Safety and Security, Nature of the Work. e sample of the research is consist of 200 doctors, nurses, administrative and accounts sta working in Autonomous Medical Health institutions in the Punjab. Out of total 270 Questionnaires distributed in the Autonomous Medical Institutions of the Punjab 200 were received back and used for analysis. For data analysis/results the SPSS 20.0 is used.

The Steam Jet Pump (SJP) is the most suitable pump for pumping radioactive and hazardous liquids because of its mechanical simplicity, no maintenance, low cost, easy construction, no leakage, simple control, and so on. The only problem with the SJP is the complexity in the transport phenomena involved in it. In this study, the void fraction in the mixing section has been measured experimentally through gamma-ray densitometry technique, and the flow through the SJP was simulated numerically. The reported numerical study of the SJP is very limited because of the complexity of the problem. In this work, three-dimensional steady state numerical simulations of the SJP were carried out using the Shah Direct-Contact Condensation (DCC) model developed previously. The experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results of void fraction have been compared at different steam inlet pressure, and it was found that they match closely with each other. The transport phenomena in the SJP were explained using the CFD results of condensation heat transfer coefficient, steam plume shape, radial temperature distributions, and contours of static pressure and steam density. This study helps in validating the Shah direct-contact condensation model and providing valuable information about the transport phenomena occurring within the mixing section of the SJP.

After its induction in the 19th century, the pharmaceutical industry covered a long way and now it became one of the most successful and influential industries in the world, with both praise and controversy on its part. The current study is performed on the pharmaceutical firms working in the Punjab (Pakistan). Like the other profit-driven organizations, the main aim of the pharmaceutical firms is to earn the maximum profit. The profitability also depends on the costing system. The current paper evaluates the costing systems, the level of satisfaction regarding the costing system, the major problems faced during the costing process and the best method of costing in the pharmaceutical sector. The questionnaire was designed for the collection of data from 130 pharmaceutical companies working in the Punjab. For the data analysis, the descriptive statistics and the graphical method were used. The significant result of the study is that most of the organizations used the marginal costing and many managers are satisfied with the costing system which they are using.