Selon les auteurs de cette communication, les données tirées d'entrevues avec les décideurs et de l'observation participante au processus d'élaboration des politiques militent en faveur d'une interprétation de la politique canadienne de l'immigration qui s'articule autour du rǒle de l'État. Pour eux, l'État est une entitéà double visage, à la fois puissante et vulnérable, et c'est ce caractère double qui conditionne les tendances actuelles en matière de politique de l'immigration. En élaborant sa politique, l'État cherche activement à accroǐtre sa propre légitimité en adoptant des mesures susceptibles de protéger une économie en difficulté, d'éviter les critiques sur la place publique et d'atténuer les conflits sociaux. L'état vise à assurer son hégémonie, en partie grǎce à un dialogue proactif destiné d'une part à recueillir de l'information et à mesurer les appuis et les oppositions, et d'autre part à contrǒler les divers groupes d'intérět. Ainsi, l'État est maǐtre du champ de l'élaboration des politiques, mais c'est un maǐtre qui se méfie des forces politiques qui pourraient miner sa légitimité. D'après les recherches des auteurs, les nouveaux intervenants, dont les groupes ethniques, les organisations humanitaires et les provinces, jouent un rǒle de plus en plus important dans un domaine dominé par 1'État fédéral. Deux intervenants traditionnels, le mouvement ouvrier et le patronat, en sont Venus à des positions considérablement moins polarisées. Le terrain politique est donc mouvant et plutǒt instable en cette époque où les principaux intervenants, y compris l'État, tentent de se réorienter dans un contexte international en pleine mutation. Data from interviews with policy actors and from participant observation of recent policy process support a particular state‐centred interpretation of Canadian immigration policy. The state has a Janus‐faced character ‐ both powerful and vulnerable ‐ and it is this ‘both‐and’ feature which underlies current trends in immigration policy. Findings in this paper indicate that, in developing immigration policy, the state actively seeks to garner support for its own legitimacy by pursuing measures which will shore up the economy, avoid public criticism and mediate social conflict. The state is engaged in a hegemonic project involving a pro‐active dialogue to gather information, to monitor support and opposition, and to attempt to control diverse interest groups. In sum, the state is both in control of the policy field and yet wary of political forces which potentially threaten its legitimacy. Our research shows that new social actors ‐ethnic groups, humanitarian organizations, the provinces ‐ have come to play a more prominent role, within a field dominated by the federal state. Two traditional actors, labour and capital, have moved to less polarized views. The policy arena is shifting and prone to be unstable, as the key actors involved, including the state, struggle to come to terms w...
This paper examines the acculturation process of male Central Americanorigin youths in Toronto, a group who are known to have a higher than average risk of dropping out of high school. Using data from semi-structured interviews with a small sample of male youths born in the region or born in Canada to parents from the region, we examine interrelated and shifting friendship patterns, ethno-social identities, and aspirations for schooling. The findings reveal that some youths become marginalized with weak friendship networks, diffuse ethno-social identities and low school completion aspirations, while others develop relatively strong affiliations exclusively with co-ethnic friends who have modest school completion goals. The strongest trend was toward being integrated with a mix of co-ethnic friends and those from other backgrounds, hybrid ethno-social identities, and higher schooling goals. The analysis examines whether the youths are aware of the relationships between social belonging and academic belonging, and whether they feel it possible to escape from being Bboxed in^to acculturation patterns associated with poor school completion. These findings add to research on efforts to understand and improve schooling outcomes for Bat risk^minority youth in a multicultural city.
gran número de definiciones y tipologías explica torios que tratan de definir los alcances y límites de la migración. Este artículo plantea que como consecuencia del interés por los movimientos poblacionales se ha producido una "crisis teórica". Para sustentar esta afirmación se presentan los argumentos de los autores más destacados de diferentes disciplinas y corrientes ideológicas, y se sei'lala la manifestación de los problemas de las definiciones básicos y la terminología empleado. así como los esfuerzos que se desarrollan actualmen~ paro lograr el disei'lo de modelos explicativos que cubran los diversos patrones de los movimientos poblacionales. Como conclusión general se advierte sobre lo necesidad de encontrar dimensiones analíticos claras paro organizar la clasificación de los tipos de migración y explicar sus orígenes.Quienes se dedican a investigar la migración se enfrentan a una paradoja. Por una parte, los estudios empíricos sobre este tema provenientes de varias disciplinas -de la antropología, demografía y economía a la historia, la geografía y la sociología-han extendido su campo de interés hasta cubrir un rango excepcionalmente amplio de patrones históricos y contemporáneos de los movimientos de población, en tal forma que existe ahora una base muy rica para desarrollar modelos explicativos. Por otra parte, la diversidad de los patrones migratorios que se han descubierto y los diferentes modelos conceptuales desarrollados para explicarlos han conducido a una crisis teórica. Los modelos explicativos existentes son en gran medida aplicables a contextos particulares• Ponencia preparada para la conferencia de Chaire Quetelet, 1987. sobre "Explicación en las ciencias sociales: la búsqueda de causas en la demograffa". Institut de Démographie. Universidad Católica de Lovaina. Lovaina la Nueva. Bél-gica. 13 a 16 de octubre de 1987. El autor agradece a lean Turner sus comentarios y sugerencias .
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