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The purpose of the study was to analyze the teaching/coaching behaviors of winning high school head football coaches during practice sessions. A systematic observation instrument with 11 specifically defined behavior categories was utilized to collect data on behaviors of 10 experienced winning coaches in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area during the 1982 season. Each coach was observed in three phases of the season: preseason, early season, and late season. Segments of the observed practices were classified as warm-up, group, team, or conditioning. Analysis of the data showed that the total rate per minute (RPM) for behaviors was higher in preseason than in either of the other two phases. Four of the 11 defined behavior categories (praise, scold, instruction, positive modeling) had significant differences (.05 level) in RPM between the preseason and the other two phases of the season. No significant differences were found between the early season and the late season phases. The group segment was used most in the preseason, while the team segment was used more of the time in the early season and late season. A lower RPM during the warm-up and conditioning segments indicated less involvement by the head coaches than in the group and team segments of practice.

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The purpose of this study was to examine starter/nonstarter motor-skill engagement (MSE) and coaching behaviors in different segments of preseason practices in collegiate women’s volleyball. The subjects were players and coaches of eight volleyball teams. Segments of the practice were defined and coded as a warm-up, skill work, scrimmage, or conditioning. Duration recording procedures were used to collect MSE data of starters and nonstarters. Coaching behaviors were coded with interval recording procedures (5-second observe, 1-second code) using an expanded version of the Arizona State University Observation Instrument (ASUOI). A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant differences in MSE between starters and nonstarters across the segments of the practice sessions. Results of this study offer a starting point for future research on player behaviors in the athletic environment and add to the data base of completed research on coaching behaviors.