H yperspectral sensors are a new class of optical sensor that collect a spectrum from each point in a scene. They differ from multispectral sensors in that the number of bands is much higher (20 or more) and the spectral bands are contiguous. For remote sensing applications, they are typically deployed on either aircraft or satellites. The data product from a hyperspectral sensor is a three-dimensional array or "cube" of data with the width and length of the array corresponding to spatial dimensions and the spectrum of each point as the third dimension. While this data cube is a convenient way to view the product, at most two of the dimensions can be acquired simultaneously. In the most common configuration, the spectral and one spatial dimension are acquired simultaneously to give a high quality spectral signature for each point in the scene. AVIRIS [1] and many other sensors directed toward terrain classification are flying spot sensors that acquire an image by raster scanning the scene in width while the platform moves to build up the second spatial dimension. More recently, the spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors has been improved by using a two-dimensional focal plane array that simultaneously acquires a spectrum along a line of points in the scene. The second dimension is then built up by motion of the platform.

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