This analysis uses census tract data to measure the segregation of the poor in U.S. metropolitan areas in 1970, 1980, and 1990. Two measures of segregation are used: the indices of dissimilarity and isolation.

This review is part 10 of a series of contributions by the critical properties group of the previous IUPAC Commission I.2 on Thermodynamics, Subcommittee on Thermodynamic Data and the present IUPAC Project #2000-026-1-100, Critical Compilation of Vapour Liquid Critical Properties, sponsored by the Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division. It presents all known experimental data for the critical constants of hydrocarbons containing halogens. Recommendations are given together with uncertainties. Critical temperatures have been converted to ITS-90, and the molar masses are based on the relative atomic masses recommended by the IUPAC-CIAAW in 2005.

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Hybrid organizations that combine social purpose and profit motive appear to have grown significantly in number in the U.S. in recent decades. However, these organizations, which we call “social enterprises,” face challenges that impede their growth and hinder their ability to deliver greater benefits. To better understand what these challenges are, this paper surveys the growing literature on social enterprises which suggests that social enterprises now face these major obstacles: ill-fitting legal forms, obstacles to effective governance, problems in evaluating impact, weak supportive networks, difficulties in raising funding, and management tensions. Deepening understanding of the challenges facing social enterprises should help guide those interested in strengthening public policy toward social enterprise and other aspects of the support system for these organizations.