a ResumenMateriales superduros normalmente son fabricados bajo altas presiones, en un intervalo de 4,5 a 8,0 GPa, y bajo temperaturas superiores a los 1200°C. La utilización de prensas hidráulicas convencionales para este objetivo presenta grandes desventajas ya que la baja rigidez de la estructura dificulta la obtención de altas presiones. Se hace, en el presente trabajo, un análisis de los aspectos específicos relacionados con el diseño y fabricación de prensas de este tipo. Estos aspectos están relacionados con cuestiones técnicas que permiten la concentración de fuerzas en pequeñas áreas de los bloques de apoyo. Aparte, otros requisitos son exigidos: pequeños cursos de operación, paralelismo con nivel grande de precisión entre las superficies de trabajo de los bloques de apoyo, y una gran estabilidad para soportar la elevada presión de trabajo durante prolongados períodos de tiempo. Esas exigencias condicionan el desarrollo de prensas especiales con estructura de multielementos previamente tensionados por enrollamiento de cintas de acero. Palabras clave: Alta presión; Prensa hidráulica; Materiales superduros. PARTICULARITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGNS OF HYDRAULIC PRESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPERHARD MATERIALS AbstractSuperhard materials are usually produced under high pressures, in interval from 4.5 to 8.0 GPa and under temperatures higher than 1200°C. The use of conventional hydraulic presses for this aim presents great disadvantages since the low rigidity of the structure turns the acquisition of high pressure difficult. This work presents an analysis of the specific aspects related to the design and production of this kind of presses. Those aspects are related to technical questions that allow the concentration of forces in small areas of the support blocks. Moreover, other requirements are demanded: small movements of operation, parallelism with high level of accuracy among the working surfaces of the support blocks and a great stability to withstand the high pressure of work during long periods of time. Those demands guide the development of special presses with multielements structure previously tensioned by wrapping of steel strapping.
RESUMOA importância do Nitreto cúbico de Boro (cBN) reside em processos de usinagem de metais ferrosos de elevada dureza. Apesar do cBN ser superado pelo diamante em termos de dureza, ele é mais resistente a oxidação provocada pelo ferro sob altas temperaturas em torno de 700 o C. Os cristais de cBN podem ser obtidos pela síntese a partir da mistura de Nitreto hexagonal de Boro (hBN), aplicando altas pressões e altas temperaturas (HPHT), durante um determinado tempo. Para facilitar os processos de transformação do hBN em cBN, podem ser utilizados um ou mais catalisadores, tais como o magnésio, lítio e bário e outros. No presente trabalho o magnésio na forma de partículas de até 53μm foi utilizado como catalisador nas tentativas de síntese de cBN. Com o objetivo de identificar os parâmetros de síntese (HPHT) que possibilitam a obtenção de partículas de cBN, foram feitas calibrações de temperatura e pressão na prensa hidráulica de 630 toneladas utilizada nos experimentos. As sínteses foram realizadas, utilizando a mesma temperatura para quatro pressões de 5,0; 6,0; 7,0; e 8,0 GPa, durante 5 minutos. E logo após as sínteses foram obtidas imagens por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) de cada amostra fraturada, o que mostrou algumas formações de cBN.Palavras chaves: nitreto cúbico de boro, síntese, altas pressões, altas temperaturas. Transformation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Cubic Boron Nitride with Catalytic Magnesium ABSTRACTThe importance of the cubic Boron Nitride (cBN) lies in processes of machining of ferrous metals of raised hardness, where it substitutes the diamond. Despite the cBN being surpassed by the diamond in hardness terms, it has more oxidation resistance provoked by the iron under high temperatures around 700 o C. The cBN crystals can be gotten by the synthesis through the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) applying High Pressures and High Temperatures (HPHT), during determined time. To facilitate the transformation of hBN to cBN, there can be applied one or more catalytic, such as magnesium, lithium, barium and others. In this work the magnesium in the particle form of until 53μm was used as catalytic in the attempts of cBN synthesis. With the objective to identify the synthesis parameters (HPHT) that they make possible the cBN particle attainment, calibrations of temperature and pressure in the hydraulic press of 630 ton used in the experiments had been made. Synthesis was carried out with the same temperature and four different values of pressure 5.0; 6.0; 7.0 and 8.0 GPa, for 5 minutes. After the synthesis, images had been gotten for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of each broken sample, what it showed some formations of cBN.
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