The use of dried blood spot may represent a secure way to expedite access to results of vertically transmitted diseases in the prenatal period, particularly in regions with scarce healthcare resources.
General Circulation and Earth System Models are the most advanced tools for investigating climate responses to future scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, playing the role of projecting the climate throughout the century. Nevertheless, climate projections are model-dependent and may show systematic biases, requiring a bias correction for any further application. Here, we provide a dataset based on an ensemble of 19 bias-corrected CMIP6 climate models projections for the Brazilian territory based on the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. We used the Quantile Delta Mapping approach to bias-correct daily time-series of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, solar net radiation, near-surface wind speed, and relative humidity. The bias-corrected dataset is available for both historical (1980–2013) and future (2015–2100) simulations at a 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. Besides the gridded product, we provide area-averaged projections for 735 catchments included in the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra) dataset. The dataset provides important variables commonly used in environmental and hydroclimatological studies, paving the way for the development of high-quality research on climate change impacts in Brazil.
A segurança hídrica consiste em garantir o acesso a água de qualidade e em quantidades suficientes para satisfazer o bem-estar das presentes e futuras gerações, bem como a manutenção dos ecossistemas. Esse tema está ganhando cada vez mais espaço entre os líderes mundiais e nas discussões ambientais, econômicas e sociais. Sendo um país de dimensões continentais, o Brasil apresenta regiões com características distintas, como clima, paisagens, densidade populacional e, consequentemente, diferentes problemas relacionados à segurança hídrica. Diante disso, esta revisão tem como objetivo principal caracterizar a situação atual da segurança hídrica no Brasil, indicar alguns desafios inerentes a esse tema e quais são as perspectivas possíveis para lidar com tais fatos. A metodologia consiste em caracterizar o país segundo algumas variáveis relacionadas à segurança hídrica, sendo: disponibilidade hídrica; demandas de água; captação e tratamento de esgoto; e gestão de recursos hídricos. Então, essas variáveis serão relacionadas a alguns desafios enfrentados no Brasil em relação à segurança hídrica. Por fim, são apresentadas perspectivas e recomendações para a implementação de ações visando à melhoria da segurança hídrica no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Segurança Hídrica. Recursos Hídricos. Brasil. Gerenciamento. Usos da Água. Disponibilidade Hídrica. Mudanças Climáticas.
This paper aims to evaluate the water footprint (WF) of temporary crops produced in the municipality of São Carlos, Brazil, between 2004 and 2017. The WF calculation was developed following the Water Footprint Network approach (WFN) and using CROPWAT model. The results were compared with the world averages and other studies that analyzed the same crops. We applied statistical tests to verify data behavior over the years and calculated correlation coefficients between WF components and crop yields. The results indicated low values of total WF for sugarcane (total average of 166.2 m3 ton-1) and tomato (total average of 97.2 m3 ton-1), while rice (total average of 5212.4 m3 ton-1) and groundnut (total average of 3865.8 m3 ton-1) showed the opposite. In general, WF components do not follow a monotonic trend, a normal distribution can be assumed and there is a statistically significant difference when comparing our findings with global mean values. These results ratify the importance of local WF studies, especially in Brazil, considering its importance in global agricultural market and the respective use of water resources.
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