Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) and coronaviruses (CoV) are commonly found in respiratory tracts of ruminants and capable of causing clinical disease. Here, we investigated the cause of ill-thrift and sudden death in a five-month-old male fallow deer which occurred in December 2019. The calf was one of the five calves in a herd of 170 deer that, along with three adult hinds, died during a 2-week period. The deer calves were in a shed, sharing airspace with young cattle that had been reported to be coughing. Significant gross pathology was observed in the respiratory and alimentary tracts of the deer calf and histopathology of the lung and trachea was suggestive of likely involvement of PIV-3. Strong and specific cytoplasmic labeling of bronchiolar epithelium and terminal airway, alike those seen with PIV-3 pneumonia in cattle, was observed using a polyclonal bovine PIV-3 antibody. Metagenomic analysis detected a PIV-3 and a CoV in the lung tissue. The PIV-3 L protein gene had the highest sequence identity with those of bovine PIV-3 (83.1 to 98.4%) and phylogenetically clustered with bovine PIV-3 in the genotype C. The CoV spike protein gene shared 96.7% to 97.9% sequence identity with those of bovine CoVs, but only 53.1% identity with SARS-CoV-2 reference virus. We believe this is the first report of PIV-3 and CoV co-infection in fallow deer and their association with fatal pneumonia; major pathology caused by PIV-3.

This interview provides insight into the career and mindset of action researcher Bob Dick. Over the years, Bob has worked as a consultant, facilitator, and independent scholar in Australia. We believe that the mindset Bob uses to guide his practice and research has great value for practitioners and academics alike. This interview is one in a series that introduces influential thinkers in the field of AR. It is our hope that this conversation will benefit the theory and practice of current action researchers.

This focus article has been prepared by Aiden Foster of the University of Bristol (which offers postmortem examination services as part of the APHA surveillance network) and Alan Wight, veterinary lead of the APHA Miscellaneous and Exotic Farmed Species Expert Group.

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Efforts to engage the public about the implications of our food system are in full swing across the fields of health promotion and prevention (Sallis, Owen, & Fisher, 2015), within schools and communities (Center for Disease Control, 2013), and at all levels of our public discourse (Milat, Bauman, & Redman, 2015). The reasons for these campaigns are well established. From food deserts (Lucan, 2015), to a health crisis involving obesity, heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen, & Dietz, 2009); to the social, cultural, and economic impacts of industrial farming (Magdoff & Tokar, 2010;Shiva, 2005); and the negative environmental impacts (Chappell & LaValle, 2011;Robertson & Swinton, 2005). As part of Action Research's role in the food justice and environmental movements (Kretzmann & McKnight, 1993), Food Mapping (FM) projects have sprung up across the world to help increase awareness of these issues and develop community -based food systems. This paper accomplishes three objectives. First, it provides an update on state of FM, including a short history, review of definitions and tool kits, and the various practitioners and organizations leading these projects. Second, using a cross case and rich picture analysis this research compares three different FM projects in Ohio, examining the kinds of organizations, mapping projects, philosophical and methodological approaches, levels of community participation, and project outcomes across Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati. This evaluation of community participation, the philosophical and methodological approaches, and the project outcomes have implications for Food Centered Community Based Participatory Researchers (CBPR) and the next iteration of these endeavors. Finally, this paper suggests untapped opportunities for future FM projects. Background: Historical and Methodological FoundationsPeople have been "mapping" where to get their food since the dawn of time.Modern FM is a response to, and product of the issues mentioned above. FM is defined as the process of developing a picture of the food sources and resources in a certain area. In the early to early -mid 2000's, health advocates, planners, academic practitioners, and 2 community leaders began mapping their food habits, habitats, neighborhoods, and