Objective to identify the diverse scientific evidence on the types of skin lesions caused due to the use of Personal Protective Equipment in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the recommended prevention measures. Method this is an integrative review carried out in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science and SciELO databases. The search was conducted in a paired manner, constituting a sample of 17 studies categorized according to the types of skin lesions and preventive measures. Results the main types of skin lesions related to mask use were stage 1 pressure ulcers, acne and cutaneous depression. Regarding the use of glasses and face shields, the most frequent were stage 1 and 2 pressure ulcers. Xerosis and irritant contact dermatitis occurred due to using gloves and protective clothing, respectively. The main preventive measures recommended were using hydrocolloid or foam dressing in the pressure regions, moisturizers and emollients. Conclusion a considerable number of skin lesions associated with using the equipment were noticed, and the data obtained can guide the professionals in identifying risks and promoting preventive measures to avoid their occurrence.

The utility of measurement of serum levels of the tumor associated antigens CA 125 and CA 27.29 in detecting the presence of disease and in monitoring changes in disease status was examined in 63 patients with breast cancer. In patients with clinically detectable disease the CA 125 level was elevated in 59%, the CA 27.29 level in 59.5% and one or both markers in 84.6%. Specificity for presence of disease was 83.6% for CA 125, 88% for CA 27.29, and 69.1% for the two markers combined. Changes in marker levels of more than 50% correlated with clinical changes in disease status in 58% of cases for either CA 125 or CA 27.29 alone. In 87.5% of cases with clinically progressive disease one or both marker levels increased by more than 50% from the previous levels. In no case with greater than 50% increase in a marker level was there regression of disease. Thus, the use of these markers in combination might have utility in cases where diagnosis of recurrent disease is difficult or where monitoring of response to treatment is hampered by lack of measurable disease.

Objetivo: determinar a frequência dos componentes do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de lesão por pressão e sua relação com a escala de Braden. Método: estudo transversal desenvolvido entre 2020 e 2021 com 105 pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva que estavam em risco de desenvolver lesão por pressão. Foi realizada análise descritiva e analítica. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: o fator de risco, população em risco e condições associadas mais frequentes foram redução da mobilidade (99,0%), extremo de idade (39,0%) e anemia (46,7%) respectivamente. Pacientes que apresentaram forças de cisalhamento, história de acidente vascular encefálico, imobilização física, alteração na função cognitiva e alteração na sensibilidade apresentaram menores pontuações na escala de Braden. Conclusão: a utilização de escalas validadas e diagnósticos de enfermagem ampliam o julgamento crítico do enfermeiro sobre os motivos que elevam o risco de desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão.ABSTRACTObjective: to determine the frequency of the components of the nursing diagnosis of risk of pressure injury and their relation with the Braden scale. Method: in 2020 and 2021 this cross-sectional study performed a descriptive and analytical investigation of 105 patients in an intensive care unit who were at risk of developing pressure injury. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: the risk factor, population at risk and associated condition with the highest frequencies were, respectively, reduced mobility (99.0%), extremes of age (39.0%) and anemia (46.7%). Patients who presented shear forces, history of stroke, physical immobility, impaired cognitive function, and sensory impairment scored lower on the Braden scale. Conclusion: use of a validated measurement scale and nursing diagnoses expands critical thinking in nursing about the reasons that heighten the risk of developing pressure injuries.RESUMENObjetivo: determinar la frecuencia de los componentes del diagnóstico de enfermería, Riesgo de lesión por presión y su relación con la Escala Braden. Método: estudio transversal llevado a cabo entre 2020 y 2021 junto a 105 pacientes de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos que estaban en riesgo de desarrollar lesión por presión. Se realizaron análisis descriptivo y analítico. El Comité de Ética en Investigación aprobó la investigación. Resultados: el factor de riesgo, población en riesgo y condiciones asociadas más frecuentes fueron reducción de la movilidad (99,0%), extremo de edad (39,0%) y anemia (46,7%). Pacientes que presentaron Fuerzas de cillazamiento, Historia de accidente vascular encefálico, Inmovilización física, alteración en la función cognitiva y alteración en la sensibilidad presentaron puntajes más bajos en la Escala de Braden. Conclusión: el uso de escalas validadas y diagnósticos de enfermería amplía el juicio crítico del enfermero en cuanto a los motivos que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollo de lesión por presión.

Resumo Objetivo identificar as evidências científicas sobre os tipos de lesões de pele ocasionadas pelo uso de Equipamento de Proteção Individual em profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e verificar as medidas de prevenção recomendadas. Método trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science e no banco de dados SciELO. A busca foi realizada de forma pareada, constituindo uma amostra de 17 estudos categorizados quanto aos tipos de lesões de pele e às medidas preventivas. Resultados os principais tipos de lesões de pele relacionados ao uso de máscara foram lesão por pressão estágio 1, acne e depressão cutânea. Quanto ao uso de óculos e protetor facial, as mais frequentes foram lesão por pressão estágios 1 e 2. Xerose e dermatites de contato irritante ocorreram devido ao uso de luvas e roupas de proteção, respectivamente. As principais medidas preventivas recomendadas foram o uso de curativo de hidrocoloide ou espuma nas regiões de pressão, hidratantes e emolientes. Conclusão observou-se um número considerável de lesões de pele associadas ao uso dos equipamentos e os dados obtidos podem direcionar os profissionais na identificação de riscos e promoção de medidas preventivas para evitar sua ocorrência.

Objective:to evaluate the respiratory status of postoperative adult patients by assessing the nursing outcome Respiratory Status. Method:descriptive, cross-sectional study developed with 312 patients. Eighteen NOC indicators were assessed and rated using a Likert-scale questionnaire and definitions. Descriptive and correlative analysis were conducted. Results:the most compromised clinical indicators were coughing (65.5%), auscultated breath sounds (55%), and respiratory rate (51.3%). Factors associated with worse NOC ratings in specific clinical indicators were sex, age, pain, and general anesthesia. Conclusions:certain clinical indicators of respiratory status were more compromised than others in postoperative patients. Patient and context-related variables can affect the level of respiratory compromise.