Triplet acyl–alkyl radical
pairs generated by pulsed laser
excitation within the constraints of their nanocrystalline ketone
precursors were recently introduced as a potential platform for the
robust and repeated instantiation of spin qubit pairs for applications
in quantum information science. Here, we report the transient spectroscopy
of a series of nanocrystalline trityl–alkyl and trityl–aryl
ketones capable of generating correlated triplet radical pairs with
persistent triphenylmethyl radicals forced to remain within bonding
distances of highly reactive acyl radicals. Whereas triplet trityl–acyl
radical pairs decay by competing product-forming decarbonylation and
intersystem crossing, triplet trityl–benzoyl radical pairs
have lifetimes of up to ca. 4 ms and exclusively regenerate the starting
ketone. We propose that these long lifetimes are the result of the
short inter-radical distances and the colinear orientation of the
two singly occupied orbitals, which are expected to result in large
singlet–triplet energy gaps, large zero-field splitting parameters,
and a poor geometry for spin-obit coupling. Ketones generating trityl–benzoyl
radical pairs demonstrate promising performance along multiple dimensions
that are crucial for quantum information science.
The
cyclopropane ring features prominently in active pharmaceuticals,
and this has spurred the development of synthetic methodologies that
effectively incorporate this highly strained motif into such molecules.
As such, elegant solutions to prepare densely functionalized cyclopropanes,
particularly ones embedded within the core of complex structures,
have become increasingly sought-after. Here we report the stereospecific
synthesis of a set of cyclopropanes with vicinal quaternary stereocenters
via the solvent-free solid-state photodenitrogenation of crystalline
1-pyrazolines. Density functional theory calculations at the M062X/6-31+G(d,p)
level of theory were used to determine the origin of regioselectivity
for the synthesis of the 1-pyrazolines; favorable in-phase frontier
molecular orbital interactions are responsible for the observation
of a single pyrazoline regioisomer. It was also shown that the loss
of N2 may take place via a highly selective solid-state
thermal reaction. Scalability of the solid-state photoreaction is
enabled through aqueous nanocrystalline suspensions, making this method
a “greener” alternative to effectively facilitate the
construction of cyclopropane-containing molecular scaffolds.
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