CÂNCER DE COLO UTERINO: CONHECIMENTO E COMPORTAMENTO DE MULHERES PARA PREVENÇÃO Cervical cancer: knowledge and behavior of women for preventionCáncer de cuello uterino: conocimiento y conducta de mujeres hacia la prevención RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento das mulheres em relação à prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e os fatores dificultadores acerca da realização da prática do exame preventivo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, de corte transversal e descritivo, com 110 mulheres entre 25 e 64 anos, atendidas em uma unidade de saúde, entre os meses de janeiro e março de 2014. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e econômicos, aspectos ginecológicos e comportamento sobre o exame. Analisaram-se os dados através da estatística descritiva, apresentando valores absolutos e relativos. Resultados: Dados referentes ao significado do câncer uterino mostraram que 65 (59,1%) desconheciam seu significado, 69 (62,7%) sabiam como preveni-lo, 104 (94,5%) já realizaram o Papanicolau, 59 (53,6%) realizaram o Papanicolau há 1 ano, 62 (56,4%) realizam o exame preventivo anualmente e 88 (80%) sabiam a importância dessa realização. Quanto aos fatores encontrados referentes à dificuldade na realização do exame preventivo, 49 (44,5%) relataram ser a vergonha o fator mais impactante. Conclusão: Apesar de a maioria das mulheres realizar o exame periodicamente, muitas desconhecem a sua verdadeira finalidade, sentindo-se envergonhadas e constrangidas durante a realização do exame. Descritores: Enfermagem; Saúde da Mulher; Neoplasia do Colo; Papanicolaou. ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the knowledge of women regarding prevention of cervical cancer and the factors hindering the performance of screening tests. Methods: This is a descriptive observational cross-sectional study conducted with 110 women aged 25-64 years treated at a health center between January and March 2014. We collected sociodemographic and economic data and information on gynecological aspects and behavior regarding the exam. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with absolute and relative values. Results: Data relating to the meaning of cervical cancer showed that 65 (59.1%) women were unaware of its meaning, 69 (62.7%) knew how to prevent it, 104 (94.5%) had already done Pap-smear test, 59 (53.6%) had done the Pap-smear test in the past year, 62 (56.4%) do the screening test annually, 88 (80%) knew the importance of the screening test. Regarding the factors related to the difficulty in performing the screening test, most women 49 (44.5%) reported the shame as the most impactful factor. Conclusion: Although most women do the test regularly, many are unaware of its real purpose and feel ashamed and embarrassed during the test. Descriptors: Nursing; Women's Health; Colonic Neoplasms; Papanicolau Test. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde, Fortaleza, 28(2): 153-159, abr.
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