The acid frogs of eastern Australia are a highly specialized group of threatened species endemic to acidic coastal wetlands of southern Queensland and New South Wales. The distribution of these species overlaps with areas of increasing development where land‐use intensification poses a significant threat. Successful conservation of these species requires that areas of high conservation value for acid frogs are properly identified and protected, particularly in south‐east Queensland which supports important populations of all four acid frog species: Litoria olongburensis, Litoria freycineti, Crinia tinnula, and the Queensland‐endemic Litoria cooloolensis. Species distribution modeling using rigorously vetted species occurrence data was used to identify areas of potential acid frog habitat with >89% predictive power for all species. Key predictor variables for acid frog species occurrence included: soil sandiness, vegetation, presence and/or type of wetland, and soil clay content. All species' predicted distributions occurred primarily in coastal regions, overlapping with densely human‐populated areas. Our modeling and analysis of species' distributions highlight local government areas where protection of wallum habitat is most important for the conservation of acid frogs, as well as areas of higher conservation value providing habitat for multiple acid frog species.

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Coastal wallum wetlands inhabited by the vulnerable wallum sedgefrog (Litoria olongburensis) are highly susceptible to habitat degradation owing to their unusual hydrology and water chemistry. Anthropogenic impacts on wallum wetland environs pose a significant threat to the wallum sedgefrog by allowing the eastern sedgefrog (Litoria fallax), a habitat generalist and closely related competitor species, to colonise and displace the wallum sedgefrog from disturbed wallum habitat. To identify ‘at risk’ areas, overlapping species distribution models were utilised to highlight areas of sympatry between these species in south east Queensland, where competition with the eastern sedgefrog poses a particular threat to the wallum sedgefrog. Significant areas of distributional overlap (including 47% of the wallum sedgefrog's modelled distribution) were identified, primarily in mainland areas where anthropogenic disturbance is highest. When overlayed with the boundaries of protected areas, 84% of the area exclusively inhabited by the wallum sedgefrog occurs within the bounds of protected lands. In contrast, 74% of overlapping distribution of the two species occurred outside of these parks, highlighting the importance of protected areas in the conservation of the wallum sedgefrog. This study highlights areas where competition with the eastern sedgefrog presents a particular threat to the wallum sedgefrog, helping inform effective conservation initiatives for this species.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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