Background: Mental health is one of the most critical public health issues as it significantly contributes to the global disease burden worldwide. Objective: This study aims to assess the mental health status and its determinants among higher socio-economic married working women in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 higher socio-economic married working women in different organizations in Dhaka City from June to November 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information, and the mental health status was measured using CES-D Scale. Results: The odds of poor mental health were eleven times higher in participants that were always overloaded with work [AOR=10.9], more than nine times more likely among those that always had family members expecting the same work as non-working women [AOR=9.4], and eight times more likely in participants that had a lot of challenges from family/relatives/neighbors for pursuing job [AOR=8.2]. Conclusion: Unfavorable working conditions, work overload,inadequate support from the organization and family have all been linked together to result in poor mental health. Significant efforts and resources are required to conduct both preventative and control programs.

Background: Women in Somalia suffer from one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. The good utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services significantly minimizes maternal and child mortality. The study aimed to identify the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women in Somalia. Methodology: We performed a scoping review based on the York methodology. This methodology entails a thorough search of published academic articles, conference proceedings, and grey literature via PubMed, Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar, focusing on English-language material. Results: Findings revealed that a significant number of Somali pregnant women utilize the ANC services, though not to the required number of visits as recommended by the WHO. Financial constraints, poor attitude of the healthcare providers, partner's attitude toward ANC services, lack of accessibility due to ANC services being far away, long waiting times, family matters, lack of awareness or media exposure, gravida, parity, and a good number of them believing that ANC is not necessary for their health were among the reasons given for an inadequate visit or non-utilization of the ANC services. Conclusion: The motivation to utilize ANC services, the initiation of visits within the early stages of pregnancy, and the completion of the required number of visits during pregnancy are crucial in preventing pregnancy-related issues and reducing maternal mortality. This must be encouraged among Somali women.

Background: Gender Based Violence (GBV) represents a severe violation of women's human rights beyond geographical, cultural, religious, social, and economic aspects. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of GBV, its association with mental health status, and familial and social determinants among the higher socio-economic married working women in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2019 among the higher socio-economic married women working in Dhaka. To reach the targeted participants, five hundred sixty participants were recruited using multistage sampling. Women with a minimum graduate degree, monthly income >35000, and working outside were included in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. Mental health status was measured by 20 items on the CES-D scale. Descriptive statistics and bivariate (unadjusted) and multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression were used to explore the determinants and mental health status. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.7 ± 4.8 years. Around 13.6% of women faced GBV. The age, marriage duration, family type, monthly income, parental status, number of children, and education level showed a significant association with GBV. The binary logistic regression model found that the status of mental health was strongly significant in both unadjusted and adjusted models, OR (95% CI) =2.589 (1.577-4.252) and 4.542 (2.362-8.734). Participation in the family's decision-making process was strongly associated with GBV OR (95% CI) = 4.529 (2.332- 8.796). The attitude of the husband or in-laws was strongly significant in both unadjusted OR (95% CI) = 10.605 (4.988 - 22.548) and adjusted models 5.972 (1.836-19.421). Having a good understanding of the husband was strongly significant in two models, OR (95% CI) = 27.383 (13.568 -55.263) and 17.553 (6.160 -50.018). The odds of GBV, if any family members are suffering from chronic disease, were around six-fold higher among married working women in the unadjusted model OR (95% CI) =5.935 (2.791 - 12.623) and almost eight-fold higher in adjusted model 7.679 (2.293 -25.719). Time for attending social obligation was strongly significant in both unadjusted OR (95% CI)= 11.633 (5.239 -25.832) and adjusted model 24.402 (7.511 -79.277). Conclusion: The GBV prevalence was comparatively low, and it was found to be related to working women with higher socio-economic status. This issue should not be neglected as it impedes the empowerment of women, which is a global concern and developmental plan. Hence, there is a need to formulate better policies and programs to attain a gender-based, violence-free society.