La etapa universitaria supone un momento sensible respecto a la realización de práctica de actividad física (AF), especialmente en las mujeres. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de barreras de práctica de AF, y analizar las posibles diferencias en función del género y el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de AF para adultos, establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2010). Participaron 901 estudiantes universitarios (M = 22.59; DT = 3.59) que cumplimentaron el IPAQ-SF y la Escala de Percepción de Barreras. Entre los resultados destaca que las barreras relativas a la falta de tiempo obtuvieron los valores más altos entre la población universitaria. El MANOVA realizado mostró que los estudiantes que no cumplían las recomendaciones de práctica de AF percibían valores superiores en la mayoría de barreras de práctica de AF que aquellos estudiantes que sí cumplían las recomendaciones. De igual modo, las mujeres que cumplían las recomendaciones de AF presentaron valores superiores en todas las barreras analizadas, que los hombres que cumplían dichas recomendaciones. En esta misma línea, las mujeres que no cumplían las recomendaciones de AF presentaron valores superiores en las barreras referentes al tiempo y a la capacidad de disfrute que los hombres que no cumplían dichas recomendaciones. A raíz de la alta prevalencia de percepción de barreras, especialmente en las mujeres, se destaca la importancia de desarrollar programas de intervención y políticas que puedan suponer una mayor adherencia a la práctica de AF, asentando unos hábitos más activos en la población universitaria.
Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de Enseñanza Comprensiva sobre la toma de decisiones y ejecución del pase y de la conducción en el fútbol sala en un contexto educativo. Participaron 21 alumnos con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 14 años. Las variables independientes fueron el programa de intervención basado en el modelo Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) y la experiencia en fútbol sala federado. Las variables de toma de decisiones y ejecución fueron evaluadas a través del instrumento de observación Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET). Los resultados mostraron una mejoría significativa en la toma de decisión del pase en el grupo sin experiencia tras la aplicación del programa. Sin embargo, en el grupo con experiencia no fueron encontradas diferencias en ninguna de las variables. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de establecer adaptaciones e individualizar las tareas de aprendizaje en el contexto educativo, en función del nivel de habilidad de los alumnos. Abstract:The purpose of the study was to analyse the effects of a Comprehensive Teaching Programme on decision-making and execution, pass and dribbling actions in indoor football within an educational context. Participants were 21 students aged 12-14. Independent variables were the intervention program based on the "Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU)" model and the experience in federated indoor football. Decisionmaking and execution variables were assessed through the observation instrument "Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET)". The results show significant improvement in decision making for pass after the application of the program to the unexperienced group; however, those differences were not found in the experienced group. The results point out the need to adjust and individualize learning tasks in the educational context, depending on students' skill level.Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de um Programa de Ensino Compreensivo na tomada de decisões e execução do passe e das ações de drible em futsal num contexto educativo. Participaram 21 alunos com idades entre 12 e 14 anos. As variáveis independentes foram o programa de intervenção baseado no modelo Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) e a experiência no futsal federado. As variáveis de tomada de decisão e de execução, foram avaliadas através do instrumento de observação Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET). Os resultados mostraram uma melhoria significativa na tomada de decisão do passe no grupo sem experiência após a aplicação do programa. No entanto, no grupo com experiência não foram encontradas diferenças em nenhuma das variáveis. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de estabelecer adaptações e individualizar as tarefas de aprendizagem no contexto educativo, em função do nível de habilidade dos alunos. Palavras-chaveAprendizagem. Futsal. Avaliação.
Abstract:The importance of decision-making on what to do and skill execution within sport expertise has been emphasized in many research studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 22-session comprehensive teaching program on tactical behavior in agreement with different actions (passing and dribbling) in young footballers. This program was based on the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model (Bunker & Thorpe, 1982). A quasi-experimental design intervention was developed with nine footballers (U-12) over a 15-week period, which was divided into two phases: pre-intervention (comprised of six sessions and measured during three matches) and intervention (comprised of 22 sessions and measured during 12 matches). Two measures were carried out during the latter phase: an intermediate measure during the first 11 sessions and a final measure during the remaining 11 sessions. A total of 2 432 actions were observed (1 793 passes and 639 dribbling actions). Results showed a significant improvement in decision-making and skill execution capabilities after the 22, sessions but not after the first 11 sessions. In addition, differences were found between the two game actions, given that a significant improvement was encountered in both variables of the pass action, but only in the execution variable of the dribbling action. These findings highlight the need to know which type of action is going to be trained (more tactical or technical) in order to adapt the training session methodology. It also seems that, for the teaching program to be effective, it should be applied over a longer timeline of at least 22 sessions.
O principal objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito de um programa de ensino centrado na compreensão, baseado no questionamento, na tomada de decisões nas ações de passe e do lançamento, numa unidade didática de basquetebol no ensino fundamental. Participaram 37 alunos com idades compreendidas entre 11 e 12 anos. A variável independente foi o programa de intervenção baseado no modelo Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). A variável dependente de tomada de decisão foi avaliada através da observação sistemática. Os resultados mostraram que, após a intervenção, os alunos que receberam o questionamento durante o desenvolvimento das atividades de treino melhoraram sua tomada de decisão em relação aos alunos que não o receberam. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de incluir esse modelo pedagógico nos programas de ensino nos níveis superiores do ensino fundamental.
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