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Background: Serum glycoproteins, which are made up of various monosaccharides, are altered in malignancy, a disorder of cellular conduct. L-fucose, a methyl pentose that serves as the last sugar in the majority of plasma glycoproteins, is one of the monosaccharides. Numerous illness conditions and cancers have been linked to increased levels of protein-bound fucose. Materials and Methods: In the current study, the serum fucose levels of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals were assessed and compared. The present study included a total of 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls. The Winzler method was used to estimate the serum L-fucose levels using a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 20, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Results: Age and sex had no effect on serum fucose levels. In contrast to healthy individuals, OSCC patients’ mean serum fucose levels significantly increased. In conclusion, patients with OSCC can benefit from the use of serum fucose as an investigative biomarker.

A BSTRACT Evidence-based health care is gaining prominence since the past many decades. The ultimate goal of evidence-based medicine is providing the best available treatment to patients. The boom in pharmacy sector has seen a rapid rise in randomised controlled clinical trials. Novel medicines or diagnostic tests must be tested before introducing to the target population. Randomised controlled trials are at the top hierarchy of evidence-based health care, especially for testing newly invented drugs. The results obtained from randomised controlled trials cannot be generalised to the entire population. This has led to the evolvement of multi-centre trials in evidence-based research. Multi-centre trials can overcome the barriers associated with single-centre clinical trials. The conduct of multi-centre trials is still in a budding stage in India. Although there are many ongoing multi-centre trials in India, very few trials are conducted among the dental fraternity. The conduct of such trials has its own set of challenges involving funding, ethical committee approval, and logistic requirements. This paper will discuss the growth of multi-centre research, steps involved in conduct of multi-centre trials, and the challenges faced in conducting these trials by the dental specialists in India.

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BACKGROUND: In forensic dentistry and medico-legal investigations the identication of the skeletal remains is of paramount importance. Mandible may play a vital role in sex determination, as it is the most dimorphic bone of skull, which is often recovered intact. Mandibular ramus and gonial angle can be used to differentiate between sexes and age estimation AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of digital panoramic radiographs to determine sex and age using linear measurements made with respect to gonial angle and ramus region in the population of north Gujrat MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 patients (North Gujrat : Males and females in equal number) were further divided into age groups30-40 years. The linear measurements were made in ramus and gonial angle region, which were calculated by using Adobe Acrobat Reader, and ndings were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Males showed a higher average value in terms of ramus breadth, condylar and coronoid ramus height than females. In addition, a signicant positive correlation was seen between age and ramus linear measurements. Males have higher gonial angle than females and with increase in age, gonial angle decreases. In relation to gonial angle, females showed a higher gonial angle. In addition, as age increases, decrease in gonial angle was found. CONCLUSION: In selected North Gujrat populace, mandibular ramus showed higher sexual dimorphism in relation with age and sex estimation. However, gonial angle can only be used as an additional tool to establish the identity of a person.