No abstract

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNA sequences that regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level. In the last few decades, various trials have investigated the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in several disease entities. Here, we provide a review of the available evidence on miRNAs in inflammatory heart diseases (myocarditis, endocarditis, and pericarditis) and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Methods: Systematic database research using the PubMed and Medline databases was conducted between July and September 2019 using predefined search terms. The whole review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: In total, 131 studies were screened, 96 abstracts were read, and 69 studies were included in the review. Discussion: In the future, circulating miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring in the context of inflammatory heart diseases and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Considering the promising results of different animal models, certain miRNAs could also emerge as novel therapeutic approaches in this setting.

Background: Heart failure is a pathophysiological state, which is still associated with high morbidity and mortality despite established therapies. Diverse well-known biomarkers fail to assess the variety of individual pathophysiology in the context of heart failure.Methods: An analysis of prospective, multimarker-specific therapeutic approaches to heart failure based on studies in current literature was performed. A total of 159 screened publications in the field of biomarkers in heart failure were hand-selected and found to be eligible for this study by a team of experts.Results: Established biomarkers of the inflammatory axis, matrix remodeling, fibrosis and oxidative stress axis, as well as potential therapeutic interventions were investigated. Interaction with end organs, such as cardio-hepatic, cardio-renal and cardio-gastrointestinal interactions show the complexity of the syndrome and could be of further therapeutic value. MicroRNAs are involved in a wide variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in heart failure and could be useful in diagnostic as well as therapeutic setting.Conclusion: Based on our analysis by a biomarker-driven approach in heart failure therapy, patients could be treated more specifically in long term with a consideration of different aspects of heart failure. New studies evaluating a multimarker – based therapeutic approach could lead in a decrease in the morbidity and mortality of heart failure patients.