Archaeological research is currently redefining how large-scale changes occurred in prehistoric times. In addition to the long-standing theoretical dichotomy between ‘cultural transmission’ and ‘demic diffusion’, many alternative models borrowed from sociology can be used to explain the spread of innovations. The emergence of urnfields in Middle and Late Bronze Age Europe is certainly one of these large-scale phenomena; its wide distribution has been traditionally emphasized by the use of the general term Urnenfelderkultur/zeit (starting around 1300 BC). Thanks to new evidence, we are now able to draw a more comprehensive picture, which shows a variety of regional responses to the introduction of the new funerary custom. The earliest ‘urnfields’ can be identified in central Hungary, among the tell communities of the late Nagyrév/Vatya Culture, around 2000 BC. From the nineteenth century BC onwards, the urnfield model is documented among communities in northeastern Serbia, south of the Iron Gates. During the subsequent collapse of the tell system, around 1500 BC, the urnfield model spread into some of the neighbouring regions. The adoption, however, appears more radical in the southern Po plain, as well as in the Sava/Drava/Lower Tisza plains, while in Lower Austria, Transdanubia and in the northern Po plain it seems more gradual and appears to have been subject to processes of syncretism/hybridization with traditional rites. Other areas seem to reject the novelty, at least until the latest phases of the Bronze Age. We argue that a possible explanation for these varied responses relates to the degree of interconnectedness and homophily among communities in the previous phases.

Since the earliest systematic excavations in Bronze Age sites in northern  Apulia in the 1930s, it has become clear that their archaeological record retained, among other things, a broad and variegated archive of Adriatic seaborne connectivity. Thanks to the huge amount of data available at present from both the western and eastern coasts, it is possible to point out that, in the post-Cetina horizon, trans-Adriatic interactions increased noticeably from the 17th  to the 14th century BC, in conjunction with the emergence of hillforts and fortified settlements in the Adriatic area. We will briefly analyse all data at our disposal for the reconstruction and interpretation  of these four centuries in which trans-Adriatic journeys, transmission of models, trade, exchange, exogamic practices etc. contributed in shaping the worldview of the communities living along its coasts.