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The environmental policy domain presents an instructive case study of the balance of policy‐making competence as between the European Community as a supranational entity and the national governments of its members. While the EC's negotiating cohesiveness on environmentalism is not as effective as federalists would wish, it is far stronger than could have been predicted from the Treaty of Rome, which did not even mention the issue. The emergence of the EC as a player on the stage of global environmental politics raises two questions: first, how did the EC acquire its powers in this policy domain; second, how did the international community respond to its demands for participation. These questions require consideration of, respectively, regional and global levels of institutionalization.

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