Background. Sports injuries, in addition to the economic cost which they incur for football clubs, appear to be linked to a worse collective performance during the season. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the injury incidence in a professional football team during 4 consecutive seasons. Methods. A total of 109 football players aged about 25 ± 4 years, having experience in sports from 18 ± 5 years, were analysed based on the injuries which they suffered during the training sessions and competition. Based on the recommendations of the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA), the exact type, severity and duration of football injuries were reported. Results. A total of 251 injuries (62.7 injuries/season and 2.3 injuries/player) were recorded. The incidence during the competition (37.2 injuries/1000h) was higher than that obtained during the training sessions (3.95 injuries/1000h). The injuries of a muscular type were the ones which showed the highest injury incidence (53% -3.3 injuries/1000h), where the posterior thigh (19.6%), the knee (18.3%) and the groin (17.4%) were the most frequently damaged zones. It was found that 14.4% of the injuries were relapses of injuries suffered previously. Conclusion. The injury incidence detected in Spanish players is within the normal range for professional football players. The highest frequency injury types are muscular injury, closely followed by joint injury. The variables of injury risk were undifferentiated by the level of competition, player´s age, position and time of occurrence (month).
Purpose
– Since first small personal exposimeters became available, some studies have characterized personal exposition to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The effect of body and relative position of the exposimeter have been also analyzed but some questions are still unanswered. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
– Using three personal exposimeters in four different subjects, the authors characterized and compared measurements in a controlled experiment.
Findings
– The authors found statistically significance differences between exposimeters and subjects due to relative position (right and left) and a control position far from the body (center). It should indicate that body and relative position of the exposimeter affect directly to the measurement, conditioning final and average results.
Research limitations/implications
– Measurements using personal exposimeters have to be reconsidered and controlled.
Originality/value
– The authors test personal exposimeters limitations in real conditions.
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