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BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy. The identi cation of preoperative predictors could be helpful to identify patients at risk. The aim of this study is to determine if preoperative vitamin D levels are related to transient, protracted, and permanent hypoparathyroidism. METHOD: A prospective, observational study that includes 100 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. RESULTS: Transient hypoparathyroidism was present in 42% of patients, 11% developed protracted hypoparathyroidism and 5% permanent hypoparathyroidism.The median preoperative Vitamin D levels were higher in patients who developed transient hypoparathyroidism than in patients without this complication (24 ng/mL [RIQ 13-31] vs. 17 ng/mL [RIQ 10-24]; p=0.024). Patients with preoperative vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL had a lower percentage of transient hypoparathyroidism (31.4% vs. 53.1%; p=0.028). The prevalence of protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism in both groups was similar. Patients with preoperative vitamin D levels lower than 20 pg/mL had higher median PTH levels 24 hours after surgery, (37.7 ± 28.2 pg/ml vs. 23.6 ± 18.6 pg/ml; p=0.037), and suffered a lower postoperative PTH decline (46.2 ± 35.4 % vs. 61 ± 29 %; p=0.026).CONCLUSIONS:Patients with vitamin D de ciency had a lower transient hypoparathyroidism rate, higher median PTH levels 24 hours after surgeryand a lower postoperative PTH decline. We found no association between preoperative vitamin D and the development of protracted or permanent hypoparathyroidism.

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