This article presents a STEAM project, “Sustainable City”, based on educational robotics whose objective is to bring the problems of climate change closer to primary school students. The participants were 30 students (aged 10–11) from 5th year of Primary Education and the project consisted of 14 sessions in which different active methodologies such as project-based learning, collaborative learning and the flipped classroom were carried out. A pre-test and a post-test were carried out and the results were better in the post-test, which indicates that the students improved their skills and increased their motivation. As a conclusion, this STEAM project, which is adapted to the Spanish LOMCE curriculum, can be a reference for other teachers to bring their students closer to the problem of environmental change through educational robotics and the use of active methodologies.
Technological changes pose the need to redefine educational models, incorporating programs, and methodologies, so that students acquire the scientific-technological competencies required in today's society. The objective of the research is aimed at establishing a generic method to develop STEAM projects, which are consistent with current curricula and at experimentally testing its validity by developing a STEAM project for a Primary Education class. As an example, and without loss of generality, the method proposed in this article is used to develop STEAM projects from the curriculum in the 4th, 5th, and 6th year of Primary Education in Spain. As a result, 11 areas of opportunity were detected, understood as areas that meet the necessary conditions to become the main theme of a STEAM project, and from which the "Sustainability" area was selected to develop a STEAM project. The project consists of an educational robotics kit, including a board that simulates a city and a robot programmed to travel on the board and activate the different elements that will make it a sustainable city. This first experience was carried out in a classroom with 30 students of 5th year, who showed great interest in the project and achieved a very satisfactory performance.
El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la forma en la que estudiantes de Educación Primaria resuelven problemas de generalización de patrones. Para ello se ha analizado el nivel de éxito, las estrategias utilizadas y la progresión de 106 alumnos de 3º, 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria resolviendo un problema de generalización de patrones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los estudiantes con mayor éxito comienzan con estrategias aditivas y después cambian a estrategias funcionales, que invertir el proceso presenta una mayor demanda cognitiva y que muy pocos estudiantes son capaces de expresar la regla general algebraicamente. El análisis de la progresión de los estudiantes nos ha permitido definir descriptores de una trayectoria de aprendizaje que ayuda a diagnosticar la comprensión de los estudiantes y a describir su progreso en términos de crecimiento a través de diez niveles de desarrollo.
El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la relación del conocimiento matemático y la competencia docente "mirar profesionalmente el pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes" en el contexto de la generalización de patrones. Para ello se pidió a 40 estudiantes para maestros (EPM) que resolvieran un problema de generalización de patrones y que describieran e interpretaran las soluciones de tres alumnos de Educación Primaria al mismo problema. A partir del análisis de sus respuestas se caracterizaron cuatro perfiles en el desarrollo de la competencia mirar profesionalmente y se establecieron cuatro grados de conocimiento. El análisis conjunto de los perfiles de la competencia y de los grados de conocimiento permitió refinar los perfiles incorporando descriptores del conocimiento e inferir una trayectoria del desarrollo de la competencia “mirar profesionalmente el pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes”. La investigación evidenció que aunque el conocimiento matemático del contenido es necesario para tener una mirada profesional, ese conocimiento no garantiza la competencia mirar profesionalmente el pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes. Los materiales utilizados y la trayectoria inferida pueden servir de referencia para elaborar módulos de enseñanza sobre la competencia “mirar profesionalmente el pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes” en el contexto de la generalización de patrones.
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