Klaipėdos garsovaizdis (I): (ne)girdėtas miestas PradžiaNebylių miestų nėra. Kiekviename mieste galima išgirsti begalę įvairių garsų ir triukšmų. Tačiau urbanistiniai garsai paprastai nepatenka į miesto studijų akiratį. Bent lietuviškų. Šioje srityje dominuoja vizuali informacija -miesto planas, struktūra, plėtra, kvartalai, žemėlapiai (kultūros, nusikalstamumo ir t. t.), nuotraukos, simboliniai objektai, renginiai, šventės ir t. t. Pavyzdžiui, Ricciarda Belgiojoso (2014; 5) pabrėžia, kad mieste esame įpratę matyti tai, kas aplink mus, tuo pat metu skirdami pernelyg mažai dėmesio mus supantiems garsams. Manome, kad viena to priežasčių -jų užfiksavimas. Kitaip nei paveikslų, nuotraukų ar kitos vizualios informacijos, garsų išlieka gerokai mažiau. Kadangi didžioji urbanistinių garsų dalis neįrašyta, praeities garsai greitai nustoja egzistavę. Nebeturime jokios tiesioginės prieigos prie jų, juos galime tik retrospektyviai konstruoti.Regis, natūralu atverti ausį garsui. Tačiau atidus garsų klausymas urbanistinėje erdvėje yra tai, prie ko mes nepratę. Regimieji elementai dominuoja ir daro didesnį poveikį mūsų pasaulio suvokimui. Jie yra pastebimi, taip sakant. Kai galvojate apie bet kurį miestą, jūsų mintys telkiasi į pastatų kontūrus dangaus fone, gatves ir
In current societies, research takes an important role as adriverofeconomic and social development. Therefore, research becomes more strategicallyr elevant than ever.C onsequently, research evaluation procedures have been implemented to monitor and steer research. This chapter offers an overviewo fn ational research assessment practices and reveals that they differ across countries and even research institutes as evaluations evolvedo vert ime. It comes to the conclusion that evaluation designers and research policymakers should establish an explicit link between policy goals and as pecific research evaluation proceduret aking the nationale valuation system into account.
SantraukaÐiame straipsnyje nagrinëjama ir kritiðkai analizuojama K. R. Popperio socialinës mokslo átakos bei socialinës inþinerijos idëjos. Straipsnio tikslas -rekonstruoti Popperio argumentus, pasisakanèius prieð utopinae socialinae inþinerijà, bei argumentus, pasisakanèius uþ racionalø, moksliniais standartais pagrástà, atviros visuomenës tvarkymà pasitelkiant nuosaikià socialinae inþinerijà. Popperio teigimu, atvira visuomenë ir mokslas turi daug bendrø bruoþø: abu yra paremti kritiniu màstymu, abu pasiryþae pripaþinti savo klaidas, abu vystosi kritiniø diskusijø dëka. Jei protas yra vienintelë iki ðiol atrasta prievartos alternatyva, tuomet atvira visuomenë yra labai priklausoma nuo mokslo. Mokslas teikia metodus ir idëjas nuosaikiai socialinei inþinerijai, kuri, Popperio manymu, sëkmingai sprendþia didþiàjà dalá socialiniø ir politiniø problemø. Taigi be mokslo visuomenë negali bûti atvira. Straipsnyje taip pat siekiama kritiðkai ávertinti praktinio nuosaikios socialinës inþinerijos ágyvendinimo galimybes bei kliûtis.
Research evaluation encompasses the practices of assessing research quality and impact at various stages of research. The processes and criteria of research evaluation vary depending on the nature and objectives of the assessment. Different research evaluation systems influence the research strategies of universities and institutes. There are, however, some known issues of research evaluation with regards to the peer review and, most prominently, the use of citation-based metrics, which lead to recent calls for responsible use of metrics. In this paper, we argue that there is a need for ethical theories for considering research evaluation and that research evaluation ethics, as an overlapping area between research ethics and evaluation ethics, deserve its own treatment. The core of the article consists of a discussion of the most influential ethical theories in the context of the research evaluation, including the deontological ethics, the consequentialist ethics and the virtue ethics. The aim is to highlight the need to assume an ethical view that combines the deontological and the consequentialist concepts, adopting 'common good' as the most likely pillar for the research evaluation procedures. We propose that the mixed approach would be useful for developing a framework for research evaluation ethics and for analysing ethical approaches and ethical dilemmas in research evaluation. Policy Highlights The misuses and abuse of evaluative metrics have been discussed and debated in many high-profile publications including the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), The Metrics Tide, the Leiden Manifesto, and the Hong Kong Principles. There are also many studies stating the limitations of and bias in peer review. The debates and discussions, however, have not been explored in light of ethical theories. The article considers also good practices in evaluation, including the American Evaluation Association Guiding Principles for Evaluators (AEA 2018), the Australasian Evaluation Society Guidelines for the ethical conduct of evaluations (AES 2000, 2010, 2013) the UK Evaluation Society Guidelines for Good Practices in Evaluation (UK 2019) and the United Nations Ethical Guidelines for Evaluation (UNEG 2008). The paper argues that ethical theories are useful in understanding ethical assumptions and ethical dilemmas in research evaluation and are pertinent in future design and development of research evaluation processes and criteria. Ethical theories that can construct ethical principles for research evaluation, including deontological and consequentialist ethics, taking into account the Mertonian normative theory, have been examined. In order to address the issues of research evaluation, we propose a mixed approach that combines the deontological and the consequentialist concepts that is able to infringe the boundaries of the rivaling theories and provide basis needed for research evaluation ethics.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Lietuvos filosofijos būklė po 1989 metų. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas klausimui, ar po 1989 metų Lietuvoje atsirado filosofinė (s) tradicija (-os) bei mokykla (-os). Tyrimo objektas – lietuviški akademiniai žurnalai – „Problemos“, „Filosofija. Sociologija“ ir „Logos“. Chronologinė aprėptis –straipsniai, publikuoti nuo 1989 iki 2009 metų. Siekiama išnagrinėti lietuvių filosofų citavimo ir tarpusavio komunikavimo strategijas, esant galimybei ieškoti kriterijų, leidžiančių identifikuoti filosofinės tradicijos buvimą. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas šiems klausimams: kaip dažnai ir kokiu būdu lietuvių filosofai cituoja ir mini savo kolegas? ar citavimas ir kolegų (pa)minėjimas leidžia identifikuoti tradicijai būdingus santykius tarp Lietuvos filosofų? kurie lietuvių filosofai ir filosofiniai tekstai yra įtakingiausi ir dažniausiai naudojami? 1Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Lietuvos filosofija, filosofinė tradicija, filosofinė mokykla, citavimo indeksas, komunikacija filosofijoje.Philosophy in Lithuania after 1989: What do Lithuanian Academic Journals Reveal?Aldis Gedutis SummaryIn this study, the condition of Lithuanian philosophy after 1989 was analyzed. The attention is focused on the question whether any philosophical tradition(s) and/or school(s) have originated during the last 20 years. The object of the research was Lithuanian academic philosophical journals: Problemos, Filosofija.Sociologija and Logos. The chronological scope: articles published during the period 1989–2009. The major objective of the inquiry is to reveal and figure out citation and communication strategies in the discourse of Lithuanian academic philosophy and to identify the existence of philosophical tradition(school), if any. The major concern can be summarized by the following questions: what is the frequency of the colleagues’ citation? Are Lithuanian philosophers’ citation strategies sufficient to claim the fact of the existence of Lithuanian philosophical tradition (school)? What are the most influential Lithuanian philosophers and philosophical texts?Keywords: Lithuanian philosophy, philosophical tradition, philosophical school, citation index, communication in philosophy.
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