The article deals with the issue raised in the society regarding constitutional complaint a submitted to the Constitutional Court against the national DNA database and the compliance of the legal norms with Section 96 of the Satversme. The author of the article writes about the issues related to the legal framework of DNA and biometric data sampling from suspects in the context of the EP Resolution No. 2008/615 / JHA, the requirements of the ECHR and the Estonian Criminal procedure regulation. In conclusion, the author is of the opinion that the current DNA sampling legislation does not provide many options for process facilitator and DNA samples must be obtained from all suspected persons to whom such status is applied regardless of the qualification of the offence and the need for criminal proceedings.
Vairākās Eiropas valstīs – Polijā, Portugālē un Lihtenšteinā – paredzēta kriminālatbildība ne tikai par pacientam nodarītu kaitējumu veselības aprūpē, bet arī tad, ja ārstniecība veikta bez pacienta piekrišanas situācijās, kad tā bija nepieciešama, jo tādējādi ir prettiesiski aizskartas cilvēka pamattiesības. Pētījums veikts, lai noskaidrotu, kādās Latvijas Republikas Satversmes VIII nodaļas tiesību normās tiek garantēta personas autonomija un integritāte kā cilvēka pamattiesību neatņemama vērtība, kā arī ielasāma pacienta informētā piekrišana kā pacienta galvenais līdzeklis šo aizsargājamo interešu nodrošināšanā. Several European countries, for instance, Poland, Portugal and Liechtenstein, provide for criminal liability not only for harm to a patient in healthcare but also for treatment without the patient’s consent in situations where it was necessary because of an unlawful violation of fundamental rights. The study was conducted to find out which legal norms of Chapter VIII of the Satversme (the Constitution) of the Republic of Latvia guarantee autonomy and integrity of a person, as an integral value of fundamental human rights, as well as the patient’s informed consent as the patient’s main means of ensuring these protected interests. Whether the protection of these interests is sufficiently effective or should also be provided for in a separate provision of the Criminal Law will be clarified in another study.
Raksts ir turpinājums problēmas izpētei par pacienta tiesību aizsardzību krimināltiesībās. Darbā izpētītas Krimināllikuma normas, kurās paredzēta ārstniecības personu atbildība par ārstniecību bez pacienta piekrišanas. Tikai Krimināllikuma 135. pantā expresis verbis paredzēta atbildība par aborta izdarīšanu pret grūtnieces gribu. Citos gadījumos atbildība var iestāties, vienīgi konstatējot ārstniecības procesā prettiesiski nodarītas vismaz vidēji smaga miesas bojājuma sekas. Tiesu nolēmumos jautājums par informētās piekrišanas esamību netiek skarts, tādēļ faktiskā situācija ir neskaidra. Jāatzīmē, ka tiesiskais regulējums ir atšķirīgs no tādām Eiropas valstīm kā Polija, Portugāle un Lihtenšteina, kur paredzēta kriminālatbildība ne tikai par pacientam nodarītu kaitējumu veselības aprūpē, bet arī par to, ja ārstniecība veikta bez pacienta piekrišanas situācijās, kad tā bija nepieciešama, jo tika prettiesiski aizskartas pamattiesības. Autora ieskatā, pētnieciskais darbs ir jāturpina, apzinot citu valstu pieredzi un faktisko situāciju pirms priekšlikumu izvirzīšanas kriminālatbildības paredzēšanai Krimināllikumā. The article is a follow-up to the study on the protection of patients’ rights under the criminal law. The article examines the provisions of the Criminal Law which legislates liability of medical practitioners for medical treatment without the patient’s consent. Only Section 135 of the Criminal Law ‘expresis verbis’ provides for liability for abortion against the will of a pregnant woman. In other cases, liability may only arise in cases where at least moderate bodily injury has been caused during medical treatment. Court judgements do not address the issue of the informed consent, consequently, the factual situation is unclear. It should be noted that the legal framework differs from such European countries as Poland, Portugal and Liechtenstein, where criminal liability is imposed not only for the harm caused to the patient in healthcare, but also for treatment without the patient’s consent in situations where it was necessary because the fundamental rights have been unlawfully infringed. The author considers that the research should be continued by identifying experience of other countries and the actual situation prior to putting forward a recommendation to impose criminal liability under the Criminal Law.
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