No abstract

No abstract

Se lleva a cabo un análisis de agrupamiento espacial para identificar patrones espaciales y caracterizar los efectos de la letalidad por COVID-19 en México. Se explica en un nivel municipal las similitudes y diferencias en la tasa de letalidad acumulada del 22 de abril al 6 de agosto de 2020 en relación con el perfil demográfico de la población, factores socioeconómicos y ambientales, así como la accesibilidad a establecimientos de salud. Los resultados muestran que, si bien la mayor parte de la población agrupada mantiene una tasa de letalidad promedio en los centros urbanos, los grupos más aislados presentan tasas de letalidad inferiores a la media nacional. Las tasas de letalidad más altas se alcanzan en los municipios rurales e indígenas, donde las personas son más vulnerables.

This paper discusses how to incorporate the changes within an agroecosystem into sustainability assessment. We measured the sustainability of 86 organic coffee producers located in 4 municipalities of Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico. Based on the MESMIS framework, a set of indicators was selected. A sustainability index was constructed using the multi-criteria decision method known as the analytical hierarchy process in a broad participatory process with producers and cooperatives. Likewise, classification of producers was carried out through land use transitions in their lands between 1999 and 2019 using satellite imagery. A variance analysis between classes was performed to identify statistical differences. The results show that producers who expand their coffee plantations into forested areas have more sustainability levels than those producers who convert agricultural activities into coffee plantations and producers with both transitions in coffee expansion-conversion. The indicators of labor efficiency, benefit-to-cost ratio, price, remnant of primary vegetation, recovery of production from natural phenomena, family succession, and producer land area showed statistical differences between classes. These results are relevant because sustainability assessment is an action-oriented method. Therefore, the contribution of this study can help guide recommendations for specific groups of producers.

Malnutrition is one of the main risk factors related to chronic non-communicable diseases and child undernourishment on a planetary scale. Mexico is one of the countries with the highest levels of malnutrition, but there is also an accelerated increase in overweight or obesity. This study explored the spatiotemporal behaviour of mortality associated with chronic non-communicable diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. The analysis was carried out at the municipality level for the 2000-2020 period targeting two age groups: ≥60-year olds and 20-59-year olds. In addition, 0-4-year olds were investigated with respect to undernourishment. National databases were gathered and standardized for each disease and SaTScan spatiotemporal cluster analyses were performed. We found that mortality associated with most of the diseases evaluated has increased since 2016 except for mortality caused by child undernourishment, which showed a downward trend during the study period. To focus on active conglomerates of diseases is important as they currently represent a threat to public health. Our results contribute to the potential spatial prioritization of the allocation of resources and campaigns for prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases and child undernourishment. Generally, geographical studies are fundamental for the discovery of disease aetiology and they provide valuable and timely information to multiple stakeholders.