Although the validity of the ERIQ' scales were generally satisfactory in most Latin-American samples, future research should examine in depth the equivalence of reward scale across Latin-American cultures.
información del artículo Historia del artículo: Recibido el 19 de marzo de 2015 Aceptado el 23 de marzo de 2015 Palabras clave: Desempeño Factores psicosociales Familia-trabajo Presentismo Productividadr e s u m e n Este estudio analizó los factores psicosociales que explicaban el presentismo o deterioro laboral autopercibido asociado a trabajar enfermo. La muestra fue de 676 trabajadores del sistema de salud chileno (84% de mujeres, M = 35.9 años, en su mayoría enfermeras y técnicos paramédicos). Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Job Content Questionnaire, el Effort-Reward Imbalance, el Health Performance Questionnaire y una escala de interferencia del trabajo en la vida familiar. La regresión lineal explicó el 21% de la varianza del deterioro laboral percibido. Este último se asoció a asistir a trabajar enfermo. Los resultados sugieren que el deterioro del desempeño y asistir a trabajar enfermo son dos aspectos del mismo proceso. El ausentismo por razones de salud, la interferencia del trabajo en la vida familiar y la sintomatología emocional predijeron el deterioro laboral. Éste último se asoció negativamente a trabajar en turnos, controlando edad y salario. Los resultados sugieren que el presentismo es explicado por factores del contexto de trabajo y el conflicto trabajo-familia. a b s t r a c tThis study analyzed the psychosocial factors that explained the presenteeism as a self-perceived deterioration of work performance associated with sick working. The sample consisted of 676 employees of the Chilean health system (84% women, average age 35.9 years, mostly nurses and paramedics). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Job Content Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance, the Health Performance Questionnaire, and a scale of family work interference were applied. Linear regression explained 21% of the variance of presenteeism as self-perceived deterioration of work performance. The last variable was associated to attending sick to work. The results confirm that going to work sick and work performance deterioration are two aspects of the same process. Self-perceived deterioration of work performance was predicted by absenteeism for health reasons, family-labor interference, emotional symptoms, and (negatively) shift working, controlling for age and salary. The findings also suggest that presenteeism is explained by psychosocial factors and work-family conflict. © 2015 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Mostrando la relevancia del tema, se ha constatado que el coste económico del presentismo o asistir a trabajar con una enfermedad * Autor para correspondencia: (A. Vera-Calzaretta). física es cuatro veces mayor que la del ausentismo o inasistencia laboral atribuida a la enfermedad (Hansen y Andersen, 2008). De forma esquemática existen al menos dos tradiciones de estudio sobre este tema (Johns, 2010). La primera concibe el presentismo como asi...
Exercise training in advanced chronic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk and mortality, and a decrease in the health-related quality of life. It is known that the physical capacity of patients with chronic kidney disease is lower than their healthy counterparts. It also decreases progressively after the start of hemodialysis, even leading to the loss of functional independence. There is a positive association between exercise and improvement of many targets in chronic kidney disease, especially in dialysis patients, such as cellular apoptosis, immune improvement and inflammation. In addition, several clinical studies and systematic reviews show an improvement in different clinical and laboratory variables and suggest a lower mortality, proving a reduction of health care economic costs. Exercise intervention in dialysis is safe. Although different guidelines promote exercise, it is necessary to work on its implementation on a large scale.
Prevalence of complications associated with central venous catheter instalation for hemodyalisis Background: Placing central venous lines under ultrasonographic guidance reduces the complications of the procedure. Aim: To compare prevalences of complications of central venous line placements with or without ultrasonographic guidance. Material and Methods: Descriptive study that contemplated the comparison of two groups of patients subjected to a central venous line placement at a nephrology service for renal replacement therapy. In one group of 100 patients, the line was placed without ultrasonographic guidance between 2008 and 2012. Between 2015 and 2017 the line was placed in 138 patients using ultrasonographic guidance. The prevalences of complications with both types of procedures were recorded. Results: The frequency of complications of procedures with and without ultrasonographic guidance was 0.7 and 18% respectively (prevalence ratio 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0-0.3). Ninety five percent of recorded complications were arterial puncture, followed by hematomas in 10% and pneumothorax in 5%. The higher prevalence of complications was observed in emergency line placement without ultrasonographic guidance. There was a direct association between the number of line placement attempts in a single procedure and the prevalence of complications. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic guidance is associated with a reduction in the prevalence of central venous line complications.
Objetivo Modelar el curso de la pandemia COVID-19 en Chile y proyectar la demanda de recursos hospitalarios y letalidad en escenarios simulados: primero, recurriendo a distintas medidas de mitigación para contener la propagación en un mes —desde el 14 de abril hasta el 14 de mayo del 2020— y, segundo, en el supuesto contagio del 70% de la población, se ún edad, sin límite de tiempo.Métodos Utilizamos como base el número de contagios confirmados con SARS-CoV-2 en Chile hasta el 14 de abril del 2020 (8 273 casos, 94 muertes). Para los distintos escenarios, asumimos un número reproductivo básico que va desde R0=2,5 hasta R0=1,5. La proyección de la demanda hospitalaria y letalidad por edad se fundamentaron en reportes italianos y británicos.Resultados Estimamos que para el 14 de mayo del 2020 habría en Chile 2 019 775 contagiados y 15 068 fallecidos en ausencia de medidas de mitigación (R0=2,5). Al implementar medidas que reduzcan R0 a 1,5 (detección temprana y aislamiento de casos, cuarentena y distanciamiento social de mayores de 70 años), el número de contagios y letalidad disminuirían a 94 235 y 703 respectivamente. Sin embargo, la demanda hospitalaria aún sobrepasaría la capacidad de respuesta. La población de mayor riesgo la componen los mayores de 60 años.Conclusión Encontramos evidencia a favor de las medidas de mitigación implementadas por el Gobierno chileno. Sin embargo, medidas más estrictas son necesarias para no colapsar el sistema sanitario, que cuenta con menos recursos hospitalarios que los proyectados. Es esencial aumentar la capacidad hospitalaria en términos de equipamiento y entrenamiento del personal de salud.
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