A robot-assisted NOTES nephrectomy was accomplished in a porcine model using the daVinci S robot. Additional testing on survival animals is necessary to further explore this approach.

An intensive, dedicated 5-day educational course focused on learning robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy enabled most participants to successfully incorporate and maintain this procedure in clinical practice in the short term and long term.

There is no significant difference between the pelvic trainer and virtual reality trained medical students in proficiency to perform laparoscopic cystorrhaphy in a pig model, although both groups require considerably more training before performing this procedure clinically. The pelvic trainer training may be more user-friendly for the novice surgeon to begin learning these challenging laparoscopic skills.

An intensive 5-day laparoscopic ablative and reconstructive renal surgery course enabled postgraduate urologists to effectively introduce and expand the volume and breadth of their laparoscopic renal surgery practice.

An intensive skills training curriculum significantly improved medical student comfort and knowledge with regard to basic genitourinary skills including testicular examination, rectal examination, and Foley catheter placement in the male and female patient. Further followup will be performed to determine the application of these skills during clinical clerkship rotations.