Objectives: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a growing public health issue globally. This study aimed to ascertain the public’s knowledge of antibiotic resistance and to determine any associated demographic factors. Method: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Trinidad using a modified version of a World Health Organization questionnaire. Five hundred and fifty participants aged 16 years and older were interviewed. Data were analysed using SPSS Version-22. Results: The response rate was 91% (502/550). Most responders (53%) reported having taken antibiotics during the 6-month period prior to the survey. Almost 60% of responders believed that sore throat and colds/flu can be treated with antibiotics. Sixty-seven percent of responders believed that they had no individual role in combating the issue. Responders with a primary level education or older respondents were more likely than responders with a higher level of education or younger to agree that antibiotic resistance only affects those who use antibiotics frequently (p= 0.002 and p=0.017 respectively). Income level was also significantly associated with knowledge levels, the higher the income the more knowledgeable the responder. Conclusion: Our study found that public knowledge of antibiotic resistance is low. Age, income and educational levels were significantly associated with certain knowledge parameters. Much work needs to be done to change the attitudes of responders who believe they have no role to play in the fight against this national and global threat. These findings may be useful to health education professionals and government antimicrobial resistance programmes.

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Aim: To evaluate the lipid profiles and hematological parameters in hypertensive patients. Study design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Hematology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Eighty hypertensive patients within the age group of 25-65 years were enrolled. A 5-cc blood was withdrawn from each study patient for analysis of their complete lipid profile including triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins as well as for hematological parameters analysis which included red blood cells, white blood cells hematocrits, hemoglobin, red blood cell indices and platelets. Result: The mean age of the patients was 51.89±12.47 years. There were 45 males and 35 females in this study. Obesity was more common in hypertensive women than men. Lipid profile except high density lipoproteins was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure levels. High red blood cells were observed in both males and females with uncontrolled blood pressure while the platelets level decreased in uncontrolled BP males and increased in uncontrolled BP females in comparison to controlled males and females respectively. An increased level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in patients from both genders with uncontrolled blood pressure was observed. Conclusion: Disturbed lipid profile and hematological parameters imbalances are related with the hypertension Key words: Lipid profile, Hematological parameters, Hypertension

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in district Vehari, Pakistan; and to highlight the alarming situation of HCV. This survey was conducted in the district from June to August 2018. A total of 697 (72.99%) cases out of 955, were found to be infected with hepatitis viruses, among which, 681 (71.3%) were infected with HCV and 16 (1.68%) with HBV. HCV was found more prevalent in females while more cases of HBV were reported in males. Overall age ranged from 31 to 60 years, with females from 51-60 years; infected with HCV and HBV in male with age range 19-30 years infected with HBV. The situation of the seroprevalence of HCV is alarming and the authorities in Pakistan should take extensive measures for the elimination of the hepatitis viruses from Pakistan.