Background: Around 10% of Americans meet the Rome IV criteria for functional dyspepsia (FD), with a significantly higher rate in women. FD also has a higher prevalence in women below the age of 50, suggesting that women who are affected are likely to be of reproductive age. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research or evidence-based guidelines on managing FD in pregnancy. Aims and Methods:To address this issue, we aimed to perform a systematic review of the interactions between FD and pregnancy and managing pre-existing FD in the peripartum and post-partum phases using current lifestyle, pharmacological, nonpharmacological and alternative medicine interventions. Results: Due to the lack of Rome IV FD-specific data in pregnancy, we instead performed a narrative review on how existing FD interventions could be extrapolated to the pregnant population. Where possible we use the highest level of available evidence or official guidelines to answer these questions, which often involves synthesising treatment and safety evidence of these interventions in other diseases during pregnancy. Finally, we highlight current substantial knowledge gaps requiring further research for the safe management of a pregnant patient with pre-existing FD. Conclusions: Overall, despite the paucity of knowledge of treating FD during pregnancy, providers can mitigate this uncertainty by planning ahead with the patient. Patients should ideally minimise treatment until after breastfeeding. However, interdisciplinary resources are available to ensure that minimal-risk interventions are maximised, while interventions with more risks, if necessary, are justifiable by both the patient and the care team. Future investigations should continue to elicit the mechanistic relationship between FD and pregnancy while cautiously expanding prospective research on promising and safe therapies in pregnant patients with preexisting FD.

Precis: A teleglaucoma (TG) case-finding model was used in Kenya. Of the patients, 3.46% had definite glaucoma and 4.12% were glaucoma suspects. Most cases were of moderate to advanced stage and referred for further assessment. Purpose: The aim was to evaluate glaucoma prevalence in a high-risk population using a TG model. Methods: Patients aged 35 or over were referred to the TG program from the outpatient diabetic and hypertensive clinics at Nyamira District Hospital (NDH) and from community awareness programs. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination included structured history, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, stereoptic nerve, and macular images. A glaucoma specialist provided diagnosis and management recommendation through virtual consultation. Glaucoma diagnosis and staging were based on at least 1 eye meeting the optic nerve criteria as specified by the Canadian glaucoma guidelines. Results: In all, 1206 participants were seen and 19 of these could not complete the examination. Of 1187 patients, 56% were women and the mean age was 56.60±12.36 years. Of the patients, 11.8% had images that were ungradable in at least 1 eye. The prevalence of glaucoma and glaucoma suspects was 3.46% (n=42) and 4.12% (n=50), respectively. The proportion of patients with early, moderate, advanced, and absolute glaucoma was 2.4%, 33.3%, 52.4%, and 2.4%, respectively. Other diagnoses (pathology in at least 1 eye) included cataract in 13.2%, diabetic retinopathy in 1.48%, and optic atrophy in 1.98%. Of the patients, 28.2% were referred to the Innovation Eye Centre, Kisii, for further assessment. Conclusion: A structured TG program detected glaucoma in 3.46% of a rural Kenyan population. Timely patient referral was also initiated.

Introduction The objective of this quality improvement, interventional study regarding patients with diabetes undergoing diabetic ophthalmology outpatient surgery aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a new diabetic algorithm to improve safety, operating room efficiency, and decrease supply cost. Methods A multidisciplinary study team was assembled, including ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, anesthesiologists, management, and nurses to review the current diabetic protocol. From August 2016 to July 2017, 13 patient safety concerns or incident reports were reviewed that identified two serious cases of hypoglycemia. Using the concerns data, frontline perspectives, and reviewing best practice guidelines, a new diabetic algorithm was developed and trialed for 24 months. The new algorithm limited the use of an existing preoperative insulin protocol and reduced the number of nurses required. The number of adverse events, nursing setup process steps, setup time, and preoperative insulin infusion protocols used were collected. An evaluation of the supply costs was performed. Results After implementing the new diabetic algorithm, zero safety incidents were reported, and a 97.5% reduction in the use of preoperative insulin protocol resulted. Nursing staff perceived that the new diabetic algorithm was easier to configure, 23 minutes faster to set up, and required one nursing staff member. Supply cost was reduced by $30.63 (Canadian Dollars, CAD) per patient. Conclusion Perioperative glucose irregularities may threaten patient safety and surgical outcomes. Healthcare professionals must improve patient safety, decrease healthcare expenditure, and prevent unnecessary delays. Multidisciplinary frontline staff experiential knowledge aided in the recognition of potential problems and comprehensive solutions to optimize patient care.