ResumenEvaluar la efectividad de acciones de manejo en áreas protegidas del Gran Paisaje Yavarí Samiria es esencial para la conservación y el uso sustentable de la biodiversidad de la región. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso de modelos de ocupación, como herramienta para monitorear la efectividad de los acuerdos comunales de extracción de especies. De febrero a mayo de 2015, se establecieron 84 cuadrículas de 1km 2 en el Área de Conservación Regional Comunal Tamshiyacu Tahuayo (ACRCTT), evaluando la ocupación de Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus), Tayassu pecari (Link), Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus), Mazama sp., Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus), Dasyprocta sp., Dasypus sp. y Cracidae Vigors, a través de señales y rastros en transectos y estaciones de trampas-cámara. Se ajustaron modelos de ocupación single season-single species con covariables de sitio (CovS) para evaluar el efecto de la cacería. La ocupación (ψ) estimada para ungulados fue alta (ψ =0.95), excepto para T. pecari (ψ =0.13), sin encontrar efecto de las covariables (Sigβ(CovS) > 0.05), indicando que la cacería no está afectando a estas especies en el ACRCTT. Para las especies pequeñas no fue posible ajustar modelos. La precisión de estas estimaciones permite su uso como indicadores confiables para el desarrollo de un programa de monitoreo de especies grandes en el ACRCTT. Palabras clave: Acuerdos de manejo, áreas protegidas, cacería, especies cinegéticas, modelos de ocupación, monitoreo. AbstractEvaluate the effectiveness of management actions in protected areas of the Yavari Samiria Great Landscape is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the region. The objective of this work was to assess the use of occupancy models as tools for monitoring the effectiveness of the sustainable use of some species by surrounding communities. Between February and May of 2015, at Tamshiyacu Tahuayo Communal Regional Conservation Area (ACRCTT), 84 grids of 1km 2 , were established to evaluate the occupancy of Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus), Tayassu pecari (Link), Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus), Mazama sp., Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus), Dasyprocta sp., Dasypus sp. and Cracidae vigors, through signals and trails in transects and camera traps stations. Single season-single species occupancy models with site covariates (CovS) were adjusted to assess the hunting effect. The occupancy estimated for ungulates was high (Ψ =0.95), except for T. pecari (Ψ = 0.13), with no effect of site covariates assessed (Sigβ(CovS) > 0.05). This indicates that hunting pressure is not affecting the large species evaluated at ACRCTT. It was not possible to adjust models for small species. The accuracy of these estimates indicates that the use of occupancy is a confident indicator for the development of a monitoring program of large species at ACRCTT.

Protected areas, such as the 17,000 km² Manu National Park in Peru, are important for vulnerable species such as the jaguar, and population studies are needed to understand their conservation status. We did a short-term study using 136 paired camera traps stations deployed in three blocks across an area of ​​820 km² in Manu National Park to estimate: the density and distribution of jaguars, evaluate the availability and distribution of key prey (eight mammals and a bird), and investigate the use of space by predators, using occupancy models that considered environmental variables, prey availability, and competitors. Most prey species had an occupancy (psi) greater than 0.70, without clear patterns in the use of space. The use of space was intensive for ocelot (psi = 0.83, ES = 0.08) and jaguar (psi = 0.67, ES = 0.33), and less intensive for puma (psi = 0.25, SE = 0.07), yet without clear patterns related to the environmental variables we evaluated, the availability of prey and the presence of competitors. We estimate a jaguar density of 2 (ES=0.92; 95% CI =0.8-4.7) to 2.5 (ES=1.07, 95% CI = 1.1-5.6) ind/100 km², corresponding to a population of 193-241 jaguars for the lowlands of Manu.  We conclude that jaguars are apparently abundant, both large carnivores and their prey can be found throughout the lowlands of the park, and their presence is not affected by spatial variations in habitat and human pressures.