Background Since 2010 there has been a growing population of refugees and asylum seekers in Latin America. This study sought to investigate the perceived experiences and healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers of Latin American origin in Chile in order to identify main barriers to healthcare and provide guidance on allied challenges for the public healthcare system. Methods Descriptive qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews applied to refugees and asylum seekers (n = 8), healthcare workers (n = 4), and members of Non-Governmental Organizations and religious foundations focused on working with refugees and asylum seekers in Chile (n = 2). Results Although Chilean law guarantees access to all levels of healthcare for the international migrant population, the specific healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers were not adequately covered. Primary care and mental healthcare were the most required types of service for participants, yet they appeared to be the most difficult to access. Difficulties in social integration -including access to healthcare, housing, and education- upon arrival and lengthy waiting times for legal status of refugees also presented great barriers to effective healthcare provision and wellbeing. Healthcare workers and members of organizations indicated the need for more information about refugee and asylum-seeking populations, their rights and conditions, as well as more effective and tailored healthcare interventions for them, especially for emergency mental healthcare situations. Conclusions All participants perceived that there was disinformation among institutional actors regarding the healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers in Chile. They also perceived that there were barriers to access to primary care and mental healthcare, which might lead to overuse of emergency services. This study highlights a sense of urgency to protect the social and healthcare needs of refugees and asylum seekers in Latin America.
El estudio de la influencia que tienen las condiciones geográficas y la movilidad como barreras de acceso a la salud se ha focalizado principalmente en áreas urbanas y suburbanas. En este escenario, el objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una sistematización de las investigaciones existentes sobre movilidad y accesibilidad a la salud en territorios archipelágicos e isleños. Para ello, durante el año 2019 se realizó una revisión de literatura usando ISI Web of Science. Específicamente, fueron revisados 54 artículos que abordaban aspectos relacionados con la movilidad, como son la distancia, la organización geográfica de los sistemas de salud, las experiencias de viaje y los sistemas de transporte en estos territorios. Los resultados que emergen de la búsqueda se agruparon en cuatro categorías: 1) artículos relacionados con las disparidades en el acceso a prestaciones médicas específicas; 2) artículos de discusión metodológica sobre la medición de la accesibilidad a salud; 3) estudios de caso sobre la movilidad del personal de salud y 4) artículos sobre sistemas de transporte y movilidad cotidiana de usuarios en sus viajes hacia la salud. Finalmente, se observa que la mayor parte de los estudios identificados mantienen un enfoque tradicional que pone a la distancia y la distribución de los servicios médicos al centro del debate. Sin embargo, se evidencia un escaso interés por abordar la accesibilidad desde el punto de vista de la movilidad, incorporando en algunos casos dimensiones subjetivas del viaje, así como la especificidad del territorio como variables que determinan el acceso a salud. En este sentido, constatamos que la movilidad por motivos de salud en archipiélagos e islas ha sido escasamente problematizada.
The current Chilean health model seeks to promote health equity among indigenous peoples by means of state intercultural health programs. As implemented regionally, these have been widely criticized as depoliticizing mechanisms meant to dominate the indigenous population. Study of the experiences of several indigenous health agents and associations fostered by these programs reveals that the strategic use of the concept of living well by indigenous peoples raises questions about the issues that are to be included in or excluded from the intercultural medical field. El actual modelo de salud chileno busca promover el acceso equitativo a la salud entre los pueblos indígenas a través de programas estatales de salud intercultural. Tal y como se aplican a nivel regional, estos han sido ampliamente criticados como mecanismos de despolitización diseñados para dominar a la población indígena. El estudio de las experiencias de varios agentes y asociaciones de salud indígenas impulsados por estos programas revela que el uso estratégico del concepto del buen vivir por parte de los pueblos indígenas plantea interrogantes sobre qué asuntos deben o no incluirse en el campo médico intercultural.
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