IntroducciónEl acceso a la universidad supone importantes cambios en la vida del estudiante no sólo en el ámbito académico, sino también en lo social y personal.La literatura científica señala que la transición de la enseñanza secundaria a la vida universitaria es una etapa particularmente exigente, registrando una mayor incidencia de problemas de adaptación, de rendimiento académico [1] y de permanencia en la Relación de antecedentes académicos y expectativas iniciales con el bienestar académico de alumnos de primer año de medicina Alejandra Polanco, Liliana Ortiz, Cristhian Pérez, Paula Parra, Eduardo Fasce, Olga Matus, Graciela Torres, Andrea MeyerIntroducción. Los estudiantes de primer año de medicina deben afrontar altas exigencias académicas y personales que influyen en el bienestar y el desempeño académico. Esta investigación analiza la relación de los antecedentes académicos y las expectativas académicas iniciales con el bienestar académico de alumnos de primer año de medicina. Sujetos y métodos.Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios UWES-S17, MBI-HSS e involucramiento académico, versión expectativas. Se obtienen los antecedentes académicos y sociodemográficos de una base de datos oficial.Resultados. Se encontró una relación directa entre las notas de enseñanza media y la dimensión de involucramiento en los estudios del compromiso académico (engagement), una relación inversa con la falta de realización personal del desgaste académico (burnout) y relaciones directas entre las tres dimensiones de las expectativas académicas y el compromiso académico e inversas con la dimensión falta de realización personal del desgaste académico. Conclusión. Tanto los antecedentes académicos previos como las expectativas académicas iniciales Conflicto de intereses:No declarado. Competing interests:None declared. © 2014 FEMRelationship between previous academics background and initial expectations with academic well-being of first year of medical students Introduction. First year medical students face personal and high academic standards impacting the well-being and academic performance. This research examines the relationship of the academic background and the initial academic expectations with the academic well-being of first year medical students.

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The aerodynamic drag force has a relevant effect on cycling performance since it is one of the major resistive forces acting on the bicycle. For this reason, this paper presents the development of an experimental methodology to estimate the aerodynamic parameters of a bicycle-cyclist set. The methodology combines outdoor measurements to estimate the drag area with indoor measurements to measure the projected frontal area. The methodology was implemented to quantify the effect of posture in the aerodynamic parameters of a group of cyclists. The tests were performed to characterize the drag parameters associated with three postures defined by the position of the grip on the handlebar: tops, hoods, and drops. Significant differences in the aerodynamic parameters were found for the postures studied through the proposed methodology. The posture variation led to reductions of up to 11.8% in the drag area of the cyclists when passing from tops to drops posture. The results obtained are in agreement with the literature indicating that the implementation of the methodology is feasible for the estimation of the aerodynamic parameters in cycling.

A low-cost experimental-numerical method for the prediction of on-road comfort of city bicycles is presented. Experimental tests are performed by exciting the wheels of the bicycle with impulsive vibrations and measuring the frequency response functions (FRFs) between different sensitive points of the bicycle (i.e. seatpost and steerer tube) and the wheels. Laboratory tests are carried out with the rider on the bicycle, and the posture is carefully checked. A mathematical model is employed to predict the accelerations experienced by the rider on the road, considering tyre and wheelbase filtering. As a verification of the proposed methodology, comfort predictions obtained with the experimental-numerical method are compared with reference data obtained from road tests. A general agreement in terms of the root mean square values and power spectral densities is found.

Cyclists are exposed to vibration due to road roughness. The levels of vibration that the cyclists experience have a major effect on comfort and depend on the bicycle, rider and road characteristics. It is known that the posture of the cyclist has a relevant effect on the bicycle-cyclist system vibration response. Nevertheless, this effect has been scarcely quantified. This study focuses on the measurement of the effect of body posture on comfort while riding a bicycle. A laboratory methodology based on the measurement of the impulsive response of sensitive points of the bicycle was implemented to predict the comfort of cyclists on the road. The posture on the sagittal plane was verified during the tests. The methodology was implemented to predict the comfort of two cyclists riding a city bicycle in two postures: upright and bent forward. Experimental results showed that in the bent forward posture the acceleration levels had a significant increment for the handlebar stem and a non-significant increment for the seatpost.