No abstract

We applied the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method to simulate for first time in the three-dimensional space the hydrodynamic off-center collisions of unequal-size liquid drops in a vacuum environment. The Weber number for several conditions of the droplets dynamics is determined. Also the velocity vector fields inside the drops are shown in the collision process. The evolution of the kinetic and internal energy is shown for the permanent coalescence case. The resulting drops tend to deform, and depending of the Weber number two possible outcomes for the collision of droplets arise: either permanent coalescence or flocculation. In the permanent coalescence of the drops a fragmentation case is modeled, yielding the formation of little satellite droplets.

The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH) is used here to model off-center collisions of equal-size liquid drops in a three-dimensional space. In this study the Weber number is calculated for several conditions of the droplets dynamics and the velocity vector fields formed inside the drops during the collision process are shown. For the permanent coalescence the evolution of the kinetic and internal energy is shown and also the approaching to equilibrium of the resulting drop. Depending of the Weber number three possible outcomes for the collision of droplets is obtained: permanent coalescence, flocculation and fragmentation. The fragmentation phenomena are modeled and the formation of small satellite drops can be seen. The ligament that is formed follows the “end pinching” mechanism and it is transformed into a flat structure.

The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH) has been useful to model continuous fluid. This method is employed to obtain approximate numerical solutions of the equations in fluid dynamics by replacing the fluid with a set of particles. These particles may be interpreted as corresponding to interpolation points from which properties of the fluid can be determined. The SPH method is particularly useful when the fluid motion produces a big deformation and a large velocity of the whole fluid. In this study, the SPH method is applied to simulate for the first time the hydrodynamic collision of three equal-size liquid drops in the three-dimensional space. Ranges of value for the droplets collision velocity are chosen giving rise to the following different results for the collision: permanent coalescence, fragmentation, and flocculation of the drops. The velocity vector fields formed inside the drops during the collision process are presented. Three possible scenarios for fragmentation of liquid drops are shown. Multiple satellite drops arise from the ligaments on the surface of the formed bigger drop

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian mesh-free formalism and has been useful to model continuous fluid. This formalism is employed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations by replacing the fluid with a set of particles. These particles are interpolation points from which properties of the fluid can be determined. In this study, the SPH method is applied to simulate the hydrodynamics interaction of many drops, showing some settings for the coalescence, fragmentation and flocculation problem of equally sized liquid drops in three-dimensional spaces. For small velocities the drops interact only through their deformed surfaces and the flocculation of the droplets arises. This result is very different if the collision velocity is large enough for the fragmentation of droplets takes place. We observe that for velocities around 15 mm/ms the coalescence of droplets occurs. The velocity vector fields formed inside the drops during the collision process are shown.