In the current economic climate, destinations increasingly attempt to differentiate themselves. Brand personality (BP) is a useful tool for understanding differentiation in terms of identity and image perceptions. The authors are unaware of any prior study that develops and analyses to what extent Jennifer Aaker's BP scale is reliable and valid in destination branding. This paper studies UK visitors to two specific Spanish destinations: Granada and Torremolinos. The study concludes that the BP model is second-order. The results help to more adequately establish the personality trait dimensions that create favourable evaluations of tourism destinations.
The incorporation of sustainability issues into the international agri-food and nutritional agenda has been increasingly discussed over the last decades. In this framework, anthropological concerns with food and nutrition have increased greatly in the last five decades, and the development has been across the subdisciplines of anthropology and in conjunction with other academic disciplines. Nevertheless, social and cultural aspects related to food are, even today, frequently neglected, regarded as secondary or less important in comparison to other 'main' subjects like health or economy. In this sense, the aim of this chapter is to focus on the social and cultural perspective of food and its intrinsic relationship with diets, territories and sustainability, highlighting this point of view as an essential part of a very complex panorama, helping to have a more comprehensive and less partial view of the situation.
La métrica de Rentabilidad en las acciones de Marketing parece como una herramienta de gestión para la generación de ventajas competitivas. Este trabajo tiene como propósito reflexionar sobre la contribución de la información contable a la gestión de marketing a través de la presentación de un vínculo entre la herramienta de control de gestión denominada Costo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad y la métrica de cálculo para la determinación del Retorno de la Inversión en las Acciones de Marketing. El cuerpo del trabajo desarrollado tiene base en una descripción analítica de los temas abordados mediante revisión bibliográfica y ejemplos prácticos de aplicación. En el desarrollo práctico se identificó el aporte que la herramienta de gestión realiza en la determinación de los recursos no utilizados de la organización y como esto se puede mostrar de forma separada en un estado de resultados con enfoque variable. En definitiva, este último resulta ser la base para determinar la Métrica de Contribución Neta de Marketing y para el cálculo del Rendimiento Operativo sobre las Acciones Incrementales de Marketing. Se constató que las métricas de Marketing generan un mayor valor dado que las ineficiencias de los centros de responsabilidad se pueden identificar en su determinación.
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