Losobjetivos delestudiofuecaracterizarfisicoquímicamente un efluente salobre de tilapia en producción comercial y evaluar el crecimiento de tres tipos de vegetales herbáceas en acuaponia. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar. Los intervalos encontrados en los parámetros fueron: temperatura del agua (20-31.5 °C), pH (5.7-7.59), oxígeno (4-5.3 mg L-1), conductividad eléctrica (3.1-8.57 dS m-1), bicarbonatos (0.60-2.60 Meq L-1), cloruros (27-85.7 Meq L-1), sulfatos (2.29-4.16 Meq L-1), amoniaco (2-50 mg L-1), nitritos (0.035-1.84 mg L-1), nitratos (0.10-24.60 mg L-1), calcio (1.02-14.29 Meq L-1), magnesio (3.52-16.17 Meq L-1), potasio (0.15-11.93 Meq L-1), dureza total (280.08-1398.7 mg L-1), sólidos disueltos totales (2109.30-5519.00 mg L-1), relación de absorción de sodio (9.62-32.09 Meq L-1). Los coliformes totales y fecales estuvieron en los límites indicados en la Norma Mexicana NOM-001-ECOL-1996. En acuaponia, las especies Petroselinum purpuratus Harv no resistió a las condiciones del efluente; mientras que, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, presentó menor altura en comparación con la siembra tradicional. En contraste tanto en acuaponia como en siembra tradicional la Mentha X verticillata L. observó un buen crecimiento.
ResumenRespuesta de plántulas de Cedrela odorata a la inoculación con Rhizophagus intraradices y diferentes niveles de defoliación ; el efecto de seis tratamientos (T) sobre la tasa de crecimiento en altura (TCA) , diámetro ( TCD ) , tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR ) y peso fresco y seco de plántulas de C. odorata se evaluaron en un vivero. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (2 x 3); TS consistió en una combinación de los factores: porcentaje de defoliación (0, 50 y 90) y la inoculación de R. intraradices (con y sin inoculación). Después de seis meses, las plántulas de TS con la inoculación, independientemente del porcentaje de defoliación aplicada, mostraron más TCD (F= 100.45, p< 0,001) que TS sin inoculación. Las TS inoculadas, con diferentes niveles de defoliación, mostró el mayor TCA (F= 556.57 p< 0,001) después de tres meses. Sin embargo los últimos tres meses la interacción de la inoculación/ defoliación (50 y 90 %) indujo el mayor valor de TCA (F= 4.22 p< 0.01), y un crecimiento significativo en el peso fresco y seco de tallos, hojas y raíces. La inoculación produce altos niveles de micorrización en las raíces de C. odorata en el sexto mes. La defoliación al 90 % reduce significativamente la colonización de hifas y vesículas. Durante los tres primeros AbstractResponse of Cedrela odorata seedlings to inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and different defoliation levels; the effect of six treatments (T) on growth rate in height (TCA), diameter (TCD), relative growth rate (TCR) and fresh and dry weight of C. odorata seedlings were evaluated in a nursery. A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (2 x 3) was applied; the TS consisted of a combination of the factors: percentage of defoliation (0, 50 and 90) and inoculation of R. intraradices (with and without inoculation). After six months, the seedlings in TSs with inoculation, regardless of the percentage of defoliation applied, showed more TCD (F= 100.45, p< 0.001) than TSs without inoculation. The inoculated TSs, with different levels of defoliation, showed the highest TCA (F= 556.57 p< 0.001) after three months. However the last three months inoculation/defoliation interaction (50 and 90%) induced the highest value of TCA (F= 4.22 p< 0.01), and a significant growth in fresh and dry weight of stems, leaves and roots. Inoculation produces high levels of mycorrhizal colonization in roots of C. odorata at the sixth month. Defoliation at 90 % significantly reduces hyphae and vesicle colonization. During the first three months, inoculated TSs
Description of the subject. Pleurotus species are cultivated on lignocellulosic substrates, in which contaminant fungi such as Trichoderma spp. are common. A selective substrate for Pleurotus provides the necessary conditions for protection against contaminants. Studies show that Paenibacillus polymyxa and other thermophilic bacteria benefit from the selectivity of Pleurotus cultivation substrate, however, little is known regarding these bacterial communities. Objectives. To evaluate the effect of substrate inoculation with Paenibacillus polymyxa on the productivity of Pleurotus pulmonarius and its protection against Trichoderma. Method. Barley straw inoculated with P. polymyxa and non-inoculated straw (control) was used following 0, 3 or 5 days of fermentation prior to heat treatment in order to produce the cultivation substrate. The microbiological content before and after the heat treatment, the mycelial colonization by P. pulmonarius and Trichoderma viride in competition and the yield of P. pulmonarius were all evaluated. Results. We observed that inoculation with P. polymyxa increased the number of cultivable bacteria and changed the composition of the community. The inoculation decreased the colonization ability of T. viride and favored the mycelial growth, although the yield of mushrooms was affected. Higher yields of P. pulmomarius were obtained in the control substrate where no contamination of Trichoderma spp. was observed. Conclusions. Addition of P. polymyxa modified the natural microbiological succession in a fermentation of barley straw for 5 days, favoring the competitiveness of P. pulmonarius against T. viride. Fermentation of barley straw for 3 days, followed by heat treatment, benefits the yield and protection of P. pulmonarius against Trichoderma viride.
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