Introduction and objective: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of untreated dental caries in Latin American immigrant children who enter into the child protection system in Aragon, Spain. We analyze if these are related to demographic factors, body mass index, or vulnerability circumstances. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. We analyze the social and health records of every child between the age of 6 and 17 that required residential care in the period between 2000 and 2019. The Social Services Institute of Aragon who compiled their records and directed the protection measures assessed their vulnerability conditions. A standard anthropometric and oral evaluation by healthcare professionals, together with the recollection of their demographic data, was carried out as these children accessed the welfare system. Results: Two hundred and thirty-one children (55.8% female) with an average age (SD) of 13.6 (3.8) years were evaluated. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 16.5%. These were associated to the age group 6-13 years-old (p<0.001), the second-generation (p=0.004) and the temporary or permanent parental inability to provide child welfare (p=0.009) due to death, incarceration, physical illness, mental illness, drug addiction, or causes of a similar nature, together with the absence of relatives taking care of the child. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32% and do not exhibited association with the presence of untreated dental caries. Conclusion: We observe either that, besides cariogenic dietary habits acquired in their native community or their foster one, socio-family vulnerability and deprivation play an essential role in the high prevalence of untreated dental caries.

Introduction: Oral and dental (OD) disorders in children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) are frequent but not well-known by dentists and pediatricians due to the syndrome being extremely rare. Objective: To describe the OD findings observed in a 5-year-old girl with RTS and to update the literature. Clinical case: The patient presented the following OD manifestations: prominent lower lip, narrow mouth opening, narrow and arched palate, history of angular cheilitis, micrognathia, poor lingual motility, plaque and tartar, bleeding from gingival areas due to poor dental prophylaxis, and malocclusion in the form of an anterior open bite. These OD manifestations are seen in more than 40-60% of patients with RTS. Conclusions: Professionals who treat children with RTS should become aware of the advisability of referring them to the pediatric dentist from 1 year of age and performing check-ups every 6 months. Dental management is often difficult so collaboration with anesthesiologists is recommended in order to carry out a safe and effective treatment.

En las dos últimas décadas se ha producido un crecimiento exponencial de la distribución y disponibilidad de material pornográfico infantil en Internet y las redes sociales. La comunidad médica está involucrada con la asistencia a las autoridades investigadoras en relación con la estimación de la edad y la madurez sexual de las presuntas víctimas.Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del uso de las etapas de Tanner como método para estimar la edad cronológica en presuntos casos de pornografía infantil basada en la evidencia publicada.Material y Método: Estudio de revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus siguiendo directrices PRISMA. Se identificaron los artículos que describen el resultado del uso de las etapas de Tanner para estimar la edad cronológica en presuntos casos de pornografía infantil. Para el cribado se consideraron los escritos en inglés o español publicados desde el 1 de enero de 2000 hasta el 30 de abril de 2020. De los artículos finalmente incluidos se extrajeron los siguientes datos: tipo de estudio; material y métodos utilizados; ítems de Tanner examinados; características de los evaluadores; resultados; edad cronológica estimada versus la edad real; variaciones dependientes del observador (sesgo); conclusiones.Resultados: Se incluyeron siete estudios. Tres eran revisiones de la literatura y cuatro estudios de casos con testimonio de expertos y sesgo de los observadores. Este método es ineficaz cuando la presunta víctima, para ambos sexos, muestra una maduración sexual en las etapas 3-5 de Tanner. En las etapas 1-2 puede ser útil para testificar que la víctima es menor de 18 años, pero no para determinar su edad cronológica.Conclusión: La evidencia científica desaconseja el uso de las etapas de Tanner para estimar la edad cronológica de la víctima a partir de imágenes en supuestos casos de pornografía infantil. Los pediatras, y otros profesionales de la medicina, deben evitar emitir un testimonio que no tenga una base científica.

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