Intertidal organisms have long been considered an ideal system to quantify how physical variations determine differential energy allocations in specimens inhabiting environmental gradients such as exposure to wave action. In habitats with differential intertidal wave exposure (sheltered, Sh; and exposed, E) seasonal gonadal and foot weight variations and their associations with exposure and food availability (algae abundance) were determined in the keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa. Gonadal weight is used as a measure of reproduction allocation whereas foot weight is an indirect indicator of energy allocation to survival. RNA:DNA ratio in limpets obtained from Sh and E habitats during the two different seasons was used as an indicator of biosynthetic capability. Our results indicate that algae abundance in E sites was higher in summer and lower in winter compared to Sh sites. In E sites the muscular foot weight of limpet was higher in summer in contrast to Sh sites where F. crassa muscular foot weight of limpet was higher in winter. Gonadal weight in Sh sites was higher in summer and remained constant in winter; whereas in E sites gonadal weight was lower in summer and higher in winter. RNA:DNA ratios indicate that regardless of intertidal wave exposure, F. crassa showed higher biosynthetic capability in summer. Energetic allocation in animals that inhabit sheltered intertidal habitats would support constant allocation towards reproduction. In contrast, animals that inhabit exposed habitats may favour seasonally reproduction allocation at expense of survival.

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El proyecto Yacambú-Quíbor, cuyas obras (túnel de trasvase y presa) se iniciaron a mediados de la década de 1970, fue diseñado para llevar las aguas de la cuenca del río Yacambú al valle de Quíbor, que presenta fuertes limitaciones de humedad, pero con tierras altamente productivas. El propósito de este trabajo fue actualizar la información geomorfológica básica del área, discutir y analizar algunos aspectos de inestabilidad de las subcuencas de las quebradas Negra y Blanca y de las laderas que rodean al futuro embalse, así como estimar los volúmenes potenciales de acarreo y la capacidad de movilización de sedimentos durante eventos extraordinarios. Se identificaron áreas consideradas críticas, entre las que destacan: sección inferior de la quebrada Blanca, en especial las laderas correspondientes al sector Sabana Larga, los deslizamientos de El Portal de Entrada y Cerro Blanco; además de la situación extremadamente sensible de las subcuencas la Escalera y Honda.

Historically, diplomacy has been an inherent aspect of international commerce and trade. Diplomacy has evolved, providing innovative tools and a theoretical foundation to conceptualise International Business Diplomacy (IBD). Despite numerous success stories, there is little awareness of how IBD may assist Managers of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), specifically in some crucial sectors. One of those sectors is the mining industry. This paper proposes enhancing IBD as a valuable area for providing value to MNEs in their relationships with different stakeholders, emphasising sustainability issues. After a brief review of the literature, we propose a working definition for international business diplomacy. Then, we describe the mining industry and the factors that create a need for private diplomatic intervention. Afterward, we move the discussion to Latin America, presenting the methodology and findings of our investigation. The final remarks share some findings that may help managers of MNEs operating in emerging markets.