MUÑOZ, C. R.; BECERRA, M. S. & PACHECO, V. A.Influencia del polimorfismo inserción/deleción (rs4646994) del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina en la presión inspiratoria y espiratoria máxima de jóvenes chilenos sedentarios. Int. J. Morphol., 35(4):1254Morphol., 35(4): -1260Morphol., 35(4): , 2017. RESUMEN:La expresión de los genes puede impactar sobre el rendimiento muscular. En este aspecto el polimorfismo del gen de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina (ECA), dependiendo de su inserción (Ins) o deleción (Del) puede potenciar diferentes cualidades musculares. Del mismo modo, si consideramos la ventilación como un proceso vital, sería relevante investigar si existe una influencia de este polimorfismo sobre los músculos que llevan a cabo tan importante función. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en determinar el rendimiento muscular inspiratorio y espiratorio según alelos y polimorfismos del gen de la ECA. Se sometió a 83 sujetos (18 a 35 años), 46 hombres y 37 mujeres, a evaluaciones de capacidad vital forzada (CVF), presión inspiratoria máxima y presión espiratoria máxima (PIM-PEM). Posterior a esto, la genotipificación fue realizada por polimerase chain reaction (PCR) y electroforesis en gel de agarosa. Las variables fueron sometidas al análisis estadístico correspondiente según su distribución paramétrica, el nivel de significancia establecido fue un p<0,05. La distribución genotípica fue: Ins/Ins: 28 %, Ins/Del: 62 % y Del/Del: 19 %. Las mujeres homocigoto Ins, presentaron mayor PIM y PEM en modelos por genotipos (p=0,043; p=0,0001 respectivamente) y por dominancia (p=0,019; p=0,0008 respectivamente). La distribución genotípica y frecuencia alélica fue similar a la descrita anteriormente en población chilena. Además, las mujeres portadoras del alelo Ins, presentaron mayor PIM y PEM.PALABRAS CLAVE: Presión inspiratoria máxima; Presión espiratoria máxima; Enzima convertidora de angiotensina.
The Trail, a competition open to all types of runners, takes place in a natural environment and its total route does not exceed 20% of asphalt routes. Trail runners tend to spend most of the race below aerobic threshold intensities. Among the genetic factors that determine aerobic performance, the Ins/Del polymorphism of de ACE gene, is considered a determining marker of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences in the maximum oxygen consumption according to genotypes of the Ins/Del polymorphism of the ACE gene in trail runners of Valdivia. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study. 41 Trail running from the city of Valdivia were evaluated and the Trail test was applied to them, consisting in a 3-min warm-up at 8 km/h, increasing to 10 km/h at the beginning of the test, then increasing continuously 0,5 km/h per minute, as the inclination, increasing 1% per minute and starting at 0,5%, until volitional exhaustion. During the test, breath by breath analysis for oxygen consumption using a Jaeger Oxycon Mobile ergospirometer was performed, with 11 breaths average and 10 second recording time. In addition, the frequency of appearance of alleles and genotype of the Ins/Del polymorphism of the ACE gene was determined. The variables were compared by ANOVA or t-test, with a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: The genotypic distribution was: Ins/Ins 27%; Ins/Del 51%; Del/Del 22%. The frequency of the allele Ins 52% and Del 48%. The mean VO2max was 50.29±7.84 ml/Kg/min. No statistically significant differences were found when grouped by genotype (p = 0.810), except in oxygen pulse (p <0.009) when grouped by dominant Del allele. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in maximum oxygen consumption were evaluated according to Ins/Del polymorphism of the ACE gene, however, for this population of amateur runners, the polymorphism would not be a determinant of aerobic performance. It is necessary to perform field-based evaluations to assess all the components related to the specific physiological demands
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