Abstract. The control of grape yield can be a critical aspect for grape quality of white varieties, moreover in the conditions of high water limitation that occurs in most Spanish growing regions. In the case of Verdejo variety, it is necessary to know its response to the reduction of the number of clusters per vine in order to regulate the production and improve the grape quality. During the period 2012-2014, the application of cluster thinning has been studied, by means of a treatment (A) of removing 27% of clusters, in comparison with a reference treatment (T) without thinning. The trial has been developed with vines of cv. Verdejo on 110R rootstock, planted in 2006 and trellised on bilateral Royat cordon. Vine distances were 2.60 m × 1.25 m (3077 plants/ ha). Vineyard growing was developed under rainfed conditions in Medina del Campo (Valladolid, Spain), within the D.O. Rueda. The water and physiological response of vines subjected to thinning has been similar to that of the reference vines. The vegetative growth has not shown significant differences between treatments. However, as expected, the cluster thinning resulted in a substantial reduction of grape yield as a direct consequence of the removal of clusters, although the cluster weight was slightly favored by cluster thinning. The quality of grapes has been modified by cluster thinning, in such a way that the sugar concentration has benefited, while the titratable acidity and tartaric acid have been reduced. However, the malic acid and the pH have hardly been affected by cluster thinning, whereas the potassium concentration has clearly increased as a result of cluster thinning.

Collagen and its derivative proteins have been widely used as a major component for cosmetic formulations as a natural ingredient and moisturizer. Most commercially available collagens are animal-derived collagen type I and other forms of collagen, such as type III collagen, are far less prevalent in animals, making extraction and purification extremely difficult and expensive. Here, we report the production of a 50 kDa protein produced in yeast that is 100% identical to the N-terminus of the human type III collagen. This recombinant protein has a larger molecular weight than most incumbent recombinant collagen proteins available for personal care applications. We report the industrialization of both the fermentation and purification processes to produce a final recombinant protein product. This final protein product was shown to be safe for general applications to human skin and compatible with common formulation protocols, including ethanol-based formulations. This recombinant collagen type III protein was also shown to uniquely stimulate both collagen type I and type III production and secretion by primary human dermal fibroblasts. The unique combination of biostimulation, compatibility with beauty product formulations and demonstrated commercial production, make this novel recombinant type III collagen a good candidate for broad application in the cosmetics industry.

The knowledge of the behaviour of different grapevine rootstocks is basic to achieve a good adaptation of vine to its growing area. With the objective of knowing the agronomic and qualitative response of cv. Sauvignon Blanc to the use of several rootstocks, a trial was established in 2006 in the D.O. Rueda. The vines are vertical trellised, with bilateral Royat cordon pruning, and the vine spacing is 2.60 m × 1.25 m. The row orientation is NNW (N-25 •). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 4 replications and elemental plot of 60 vines. Over the period 2010-2014 it has been developed the study of the following 10 rootstocks (treatments): 110R, 101-14M, 420A, 3309C, 41B, 161-49C, 196-17C, Fercal, Gravesac and RGM. The rootstocks 420A and 41B showed a production higher than 50% with respect to 196-17C and 161-49C, and higher to 100% than RGM, due to the number of clusters per vine and, in greater amount, to the cluster weight. Fercal and Gravesac showed an increase of pruning wood weight of 24% with respect to 196-17C and 161-49C, and 90% with respect to RGM, mainly due to the shoot weight. The sugar concentration increased with 101-14M, 196-17C and Fercal, and became reduced with 161-49C, 41B and RGM. The pH of must was reduced with Fercal whereas the titratable acidity increased, which also showed increase with Gravesac and 161-49C. The tartaric acid hardly increased slightly with Fercal and 161-49C, whereas the malic acid increased with Gravesac and Fercal, and was reduced with 41B, 3309C, RGM and 101-14M. The potassium concentration increased with 196-17C, Gravesac and Fercal, and was reduced with 41B, 161-49C, 420A and 3309C. The effects observed show alternatives for rootstock election according to the growing conditions and objectives of the vineyard.

La aplicación de riego en el viñedo se hace necesaria a lo largo del verano en muchas zonas de España, en la medida en que la reserva hídrica en el suelo se va agotando. El nivel de estrés hídrico soportado por la vid es un factor determinante de su respuesta fisiológica y, por tanto, productiva y cualitativa. A lo largo del periodo 2015-2017, en Valladolid, se estudió la aplicación de 4 regímenes hídricos, en cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, desde el envero a la madurez, basados en la rehidratación, de 12 horas de riego, según el potencial hídrico de tallo: no riego o secano (R0), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,7-1,8 MPa (R1), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,4-1,5 MPa (R2), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,0-1,2 MPa (R3). La hidratación inicial, efectuada en el envero excepto en R0, supuso una mejora inmediata del estado hídrico, que generó diferencias significativas de potencial frente al secano durante 3 ó 4 semanas. Los riegos de rehidratación posteriores, de R3 y R2, provocaron diferencias significativas entre ellos durante los intervalos entre riegos alternos, mientras que R1, que no se rehidrató, se aproximó gradualmente a R0. Las tasas de fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática y transpiración, medidas al cabo de un mes de la hidratación inicial, mostraron en general diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tratamientos de forma progresiva según el número de riegos recibidos, en orden decreciente: R3, R2, R1, R0. No obstante, las diferencias entre tratamientos a veces no resultaron estadísticamente significativas entre R3 y R2, ni entre R1 y R0, dependiendo del año de estudio.