Este artículo debe citarse como: Alvarado-García R, Mundo-Alegría AX. Litotripsia extracorpórea por ondas de choque en niños. A propó-sito de un caso complicado. Acta Pediatr Mex 2010;31(3):95-101. www.nietoeditores.com.mx RESUMENLa litotripsia extracorpórea es un procedimiento eficaz en el tratamiento de litiasis renal y ureteral. En pediatría ha adquirido gran aceptación por la facilidad del procedimiento, mayor disponibilidad de litotriptores y acortamiento de la estancia hospitalaria. Sin embargo, las complicaciones que puede desarrollar el paciente pediátrico pueden variar desde las sintomáticas (dolor) hasta las que comprometen la función renal. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de 15 años de edad con litiasis renal bilateral que fue sometida a una sesión de litotripsia extracorpórea. Esta intervención causó un hematoma renal izquierdo, que se visualizó con ultrasonido y tomografía computada renal. Se trató en forma conservadora y el hematoma desapareció 13 semanas después. Cuatro semanas después la paciente desarrolló hipertensión arterial sistémica; hubo disminución de la tasa de filtración glomerular en el riñón ipsilateral que cedieron posteriormente. La litotripsia extracorpórea en pediatría es eficaz para el tratamiento de litiasis renal y ureteral. Es un procedimiento sencillo y rápido. El desarrollo de un hematoma renal es una complicación infrecuente, menor al 1%. La monitorización y el seguimiento clínico del paciente permiten identificarla y tratarla oportunamente. Palabras clave: Litotripsia, litiasis, hematoma renal, hipertensión arterial. ABSTRACTExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an effective procedure for the treatment of renal and ureteral lithiasis. In pediatrics has become widely accepted by the facility of the procedure, availability of lithotripters and faster discharge from hospital. However, complications in pediatric patients can vary from symptomatic (pain) to a compromise renal function. We present a case of a 15 year old female adolescent with bilateral renal lithiasis which underwent for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy session which was complicated by a left renal hematoma, confirmed by renal ultrasonography and computerized tomography scan. Conservative management was established and the hematoma became stabilized. The patient developed hypertension and glomerular filtration rate was decreased on the ipsilateral kidney four weeks after the procedure which had spontaneous resolution. Pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an effective procedure for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi; its advantages are easiness, speed and accessibility. A renal hematoma as a complication occurs in less than 1%. Patient monitoring and follow-up identified timely this complication.
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