Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a working diagnosis in about 10% of cases presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial ischaemia and no significant atherosclerotic plaques in coronary angiography. It is a heterogenous clinical entity with a complex aetiology and always requires a challenging work-up. The final diagnosis may confirm any coronary pathology (dissection, spasm, thrombus) or significantly differ from the previous one (myocarditis, takotsubo cardiomyopathy). This paper focuses on the current knowledge on MINOCA, guidelines on the management of patients, and indicates new research areas to further elucidate this issue. The most important message is that MINOCA is a serious condition with outcomes at least as serious as in myocardial infarction resulting from coronary atherosclerosis. Streszczenie Zawał serca bez istotnych zmian w nasierdziowych tętnicach wieńcowych (MINOCA) to robocze rozpoznanie ustalane w ok. 10% przypadków, w których w koronarografii nie stwierdza się istotnych zwężeń miażdżycowych, a objawy kliniczne silnie sugerują podłoże niedokrwienne. Choroba stanowi istotne wyzwanie diagnostyczne ze względu na heterogenną etiologię i zawsze wymaga uważnego podejścia. Ostateczna diagnoza może potwierdzić przyczynę wieńcową (dysekcja, skurcz, zakrzep) lub znacznie różnić się od wstępnego rozpoznania (zapalenie mięśnia serca, kardiomiopatia takotsubo). W artykule przedstawiono zarys współczesnej wiedzy na temat MINOCA, obowiązujące zalecenia dotyczące diagnostyki i terapii oraz wskazano nowe kierunki badań niezbędnych do pełnego wyjaśnienia tego zagadnienia. Najważniejszym przesłaniem pracy jest wniosek, że mimo braku zwężeń w tętnicach wieńcowych MINOCA jest zespołem chorobowym o rokowaniu co najmniej tak poważnym jak w zawale serca o podłożu miażdżycowym.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and a nitrosobenzene spin trap were used to investigate free radicals in the human blood after angioplasty treatment. The nitrosobenzene anion radical was determined using EPR measurements and quantum-mechanical calculations. Differences were observed in the concentration of free radicals before and after angioplasty treatment. These results were compared with myocardium damage parameters (CPK, MB and TnT).
The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) was used to investigate free radicals in the peripheral blood of patients subjected to angioplasty treatment. To detect these free radicals, a nitrosobenzene spin trap was used in this experiment. The EPR spectra of the blood with a spin trap conglomerate was measured at room temperature and at 170 K. To confirm the kind of free radicals in the conglomerate blood-spin trap, simulation and quantum-chemical calculations were made, and the conglomerate spin trap with ascorbic acid was measured. Two different types of radicals, one at room temperature and the other in a frozen sample of blood, were found.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.