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From the 1820s to the 1840s, the borderland between the Austrian and Ottoman empires witnessed the creation and development of national movements among Serbs and Croats who lived in administrative and political units with special legal status. One of these territories was the Military Frontier, which turned into a battlefield between the Croatian “Illyrians” (Zagreb) and the Serbian “rodoljubs” (Matica Srpska) for the sympathy of the population. The massive territory and dense population of the Military Frontier attracted the architects of territorial and national integration, and the paramilitary population was considered an instrument in achieving political goals. The population of the Military Frontier spoke the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian (which also spread, for example, in Dalmatia and Slavonia), and for this reason the Illyrians took this dialect as the basis for Croatian literary language. In doing so, they were able to spread their ideas through printed materials, which they circulated in the Military Frontier. However, the Serbian “rodoljubs” suspected the Croats of wanting Croatisation and Catholicisation. Both national movements built their agitation on the basis of a historical narrative; Serbs by referring to heroes of Serbian history, and Illyrians by amalgamating Serbian and Croatian heroes together to create a single pantheon for all South Slavs. The Serbian Principality (under the rule of the Ottoman Empire) also claimed their share in the future Serbian unification. For its ruling elite, the Hungarian Srem with the residence of the Serbian Metropolitan was of particular interest. Some Croatian and Serbian politicians worked on a plan of joint action regarding the Military Frontier and turned to Polish émigrés for support.

The annual conference Slavic World: Community and Diversity is a good platform for young researchers from different universities and research centers, both domestic and foreign, where they can share their scholarly achievements with colleagues and talk about their own vision of a particular problem related to the study of the diversity of the Slavic world. This year was no exception, and the historical section of the conference was held on 25–26 May in a mixed format: full-time participation and on the ZOOM platform owing to coronavirus restrictions. The speakers at the conference dedicated to the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture again discussed a wide range of issues related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present day in national, regional, and international contexts. Following the conference, a collection of abstracts will be published. Researchers not only showed the results of their research, but also enriched themselves with new knowledge, were given a platform to express their opinions and discuss them with colleagues, and shared their experience. Many speeches aroused lively interest, and sometimes a heated discussion, which indicates the relevance of the topics addressed at the event. Annual participation in the conference contributes to the strengthening of further cooperation between scholars.

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Военная граница: от армии под командованием Габсбургов к автономной провинции империи (XVIII-XIX вв.) * * Работа выполнена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Президиума РАН № 0178-2018-0008 «Австро-Венгрия: механизмы (само)организации культурно-сложных сообществ в композитарной монархии».