Reliable information about wildlife is absolutely important for making informed management decisions. The issues with the effectiveness of the control and monitoring of both large and small wild animals are relevant to assess and protect the world’s biodiversity. Monitoring becomes part of the methods in wildlife ecology for observation, assessment, and forecasting of the human environment. World practice reveals the potential of the joint application of both proven traditional and modern technologies using specialized equipment to organize environmental control and management processes. Monitoring large terrestrial animals require an individual approach due to their low density and larger habitat. Elk/moose are such animals. This work aims to evaluate the methods for monitoring large wild animals, suitable for controlling the number of elk/moose in the framework of nature conservation activities. Using different models allows determining the population size without affecting the animals and without significant financial costs. Although, the accuracy of each model is determined by its postulates implementation and initial conditions that need statistical data. Depending on the geographical, climatic, and economic conditions in each territory, it is possible to use different tools and equipment (e.g., cameras, GPS sensors, and unmanned aerial vehicles), a flexible variation of which will allow reaching the golden mean between the desires and capabilities of researchers.

A reliable estimation of the sea port cargo handling throughput remains an actual problem since many different tasks stem from this decision. The preliminary technological design of a future port, project consideration concerning its reconstruction and modernization, changing of its functional profile, variation of the ship sizes and patterns of call (liner and tramp, with scheduled and random calls respectfully), reasonability of calls, scheduled maintenance and random failures of the berth cargo-handling equipment -all these factors form a wide range of the consumers for this prognoses information, both on strategical and operative level of decision taking. Obviously, this level, as well as the time and labor resources allocated for this task set different features of the procedure, while the demands for the principal quality of the resulting decision remain nearly the same and reflect "a certain level of uncertainty" due to stochastic nature of values. As the conducted study shows, there are alternative variants to gain relatively reliable prognoses result: development of unique simulation models, requiring essential labor and time inputs and bearing a narrow "local" character, or usage of simplified analogues, nearly as general as the analytical techniques. The paper deals with a new approach for port project and design procedure based upon the stochastic model of the sea cargo front combined with the elements of discrete-event simulation. The model develops analytical estimations gained by the analytical methods aimed for assessment of berths number, which forms on task of the direct design procedure of the technologic design. In the reverse design procedure the model enables to assess a possible cargo flow which could be handled by the group of berths. The adequacy of the results is confirmed by the simulation experiments.

The structure of bacterial film formed at the inner surface of the recirculation reactor tube, is studied. The surface relief of the biofilm was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of electrochemically activated water solution on the film formed from planktonic lactobacteria or E. coli was studied. Treatment with electrochemically activated water solution destroys cells and polymeric matrix of the biofilm.

At design stages of any sea port development projects one of the key tasks is to estimate the amount of cargo volume to be stored on the port warehouse. The shortage of the warehouse facilities would disrupt port operations and affect the port marketing position, while the surplus capacity would raise the selfcost of the services rendered by the port. Many port developing projects and long years of operational practice have resulted into certain commonly accepted mathematical techniques that enable to assess all main parameters sufficiently accurately. With ever-growing completion between the ports worldwide, to find a delicate balance between the cost and quality becomes a core task behind nearly every aspect of port design activity. The tools that have been used for centuries in port design and development started to lose their adequacy in modern economic and logistic environment. As the response for this challenge the port designers more and more move to simulation models. In the same time, an adequate simulation models need not only accurate and reliable data, but also requests quite long time. Moreover, the models of the kind usually are created ad hoc, reflecting particular features of the primal object under development and forfeiting the generality and universality of analytical models. At beginning stages of port developing one need to have simple and easy tools for the preliminary accession of project parameters, since usually there are several variants and the full-scaled simulation of them is excluded. Still, these tools should be more enhanced sophisticated than common analytical formulae. The main drawback of the formula calculation (streaming computing by the current IT terminology) is they principally deal with deterministic values, while the real worlds is inhibited with the stochastic ones. The study represented here is an attempt to narrow this gap. The area selected to demonstrate the approach is the port warehouse size, regardless of the cargo type handled. In the same time, this technique can be spread on many other port project parameters needed to be assessed. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 14 Number 4

To calculate the number of container terminal equipment the information on the annual cargo traffic distribution and the handling equipment productivity is required. The wrong calculations in the hourly tasks for operation or productivity can lead to the wrong decisions in the number of needed equipment, the impossibility to handle the growing cargo traffic. Therefore, it is necessary to pay a special attention to the methods of calculation and generation of the specified parameters. However, designing a new terminal or analyzing the activity of existing one the specialists do not consider some technical limitations of certain handling equipment that influence on its productivity. Particularly, the reduction in productivity of warehouse loading cranes at high filling of the stack is not taken into account. As the stack occupancy rate approaches one the number of permutations per container doubles, that is connected with impossibility to place containers on the tier designed for spreader movement. In this case an operator has to place some boxes on the top level of the stack and then put them back. The influence of the described technology on the productivity cannot be revealed by the traditional mathematical methods. To evaluate the impact of this parameter a simulation model of the warehouse loading crane operation is created. The model allows us to prove that the productivity decreases when reaching 90% of the warehouse's occupancy. The suggested method can be used to define the probability density function of handling equipment more correctly.